紫云英与双季稻秸秆协同利用影响稻田土壤钾循环与平衡  

Effects of co-utilization of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw on the potassium cycle and potassium balance in a paddy soil

作　　者：张帆[1] 杨茜[1] ZHANG Fan;YANG Qian(Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第1期72-80,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0300208)资助。

摘　　要：稻草还田和冬种绿肥是维持稻田地力和化肥替代的重要方式之一。本研究以在湖南酸性红黄泥和碱性紫潮泥两种典型稻田土壤上进行了2年的紫云英-双季稻定位试验为对象,分析紫云英和双季稻秸秆协同利用对稻田土壤K循环的影响。两土壤试验处理一致,包括稻田冬闲(FRR)、冬种紫云英(Mv RR)及冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用(MvRR+St)3个处理。结果表明:与冬闲和冬种紫云英相比,紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用未影响红黄泥土壤各形态钾的含量,但显著提高紫潮泥土壤速效钾和非交换性钾的含量,其中紫潮泥土壤水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾及特殊吸附钾的含量较冬种紫云英处理分别提高了134.0%、93.0%、73.4%;两种典型稻田土壤上紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用显著提高下茬作物紫云英的全K含量及吸K量,且紫云英的吸K量为紫潮泥>红黄泥;两种典型稻田土壤上冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用均未影响早、晚稻产量及籽粒K积累;在稻田各种植季和周年目前的K投入水平下,两种典型稻田土壤上冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用处理均存在K盈余(红黄泥K盈余量为401.15 kg·hm-2、紫潮泥K盈余量为403.42 kg·hm-2),说明冬种紫云英与水稻秸秆协同利用能减少双季稻生产中的化学钾肥投入量。综上所述,紫云英和双季稻秸秆协同利用有益于稻田土壤的K循环与平衡。Rice straw return and planting green manure in winter are important ways to improve paddy soil fertility and reduce chemical fertilizer input.Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)is the most important winter leguminous green manure crop.A typical crop rotation system in Hunan Province is:Chinese milk vetch-early rice-late rice.Many studies have shown that Chinese milk vetch can reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer input in rice production.If the input of chemical potassium fertilizer in rice production can also be reduced,this will encourage the promotion and use of Chinese milk vetch.Here we report a 2-year field experiment on cultivation of Chinese milk vetch followed by double cropping of rice,in an acidic red yellow soil and an alkaline purple alluvial soil in Hunan,in which the effect of co-utilization of Chinese milk vetch and double cropping rice straw on the soil K cycle and balance were investigated.The experiments had the same treatments in two soil types,including winter fallow-rice-rice without rice straw return(FRR),Chinese milk vetch-rice-rice without rice straw return(MvRR),Chinese milk vetch-rice-rice with rice straw return(MvRR+St).The results indicated:1)Compared with FRR and MvRR,the content of different soil K forms of the acidic red yellow soil were not influenced in MvRR+St,while the contents of available K and nonexchangeable K of the alkaline purple alluvial soil were significantly increased in MvRR+St.Compared to MvRR,the contents of water-soluble K,non-specifically absorbed K and specifically absorbed K of the alkaline purple alluvial soil in MvRR+St were significantly increased by 134.0%,93.0%and 73.4%,respectively.2)Compared with MvRR,the total K content and K uptake of Chinese milk vetch in the acidic red yellow soil in MvRR+St were significantly increased by 68.6%and 91.1%,respectively;the total K content and K uptake of Chinese milk vetch of the alkaline purple alluvial soil in MvRR+St were significantly increased by 56.4%and 81.2%,respectively.Compared with red yellow soil,the K up

关 键 词：紫云英 水稻秸秆 协同利用 红黄泥 紫潮泥 K循环 

分 类 号：S55[农业科学—作物学] S511.42