《民法典》与医患法律关系的再认识(上)  

Re-understanding of the Doctor-Patient Jural Relationship By Learning Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (A)

作　　者：刘瑞爽 Liu Ruishuang(Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京大学医学部,北京100083

出　　处：《中国卫生法制》2021年第1期31-35,共5页China Health Law

摘　　要：根据《民法典》医患法律关系是民事法律关系,不是行政法律关系。目前有学者对于医患法律关系性质与定义的认识存在偏差,主要表现为对典型医疗服务合同、强制缔约医疗服务合同、医疗准合同(无因管理;不当得利)的认识不符合《民法典》等法律的规定,此不利于厘清医患双方的权利义务,不利于医患双方合法权益的保护,不利于医患关系的和谐,最终不利于公众健康的保障。医患法律关系有狭义与广义之分。狭义医患法律关系是基于医疗卫生服务、一般通过医疗服务合同(特定情况下通过医疗准合同)设立、变更、终止的、具有医学伦理性的民事法律关系;广义医患法律关系则包括狭义医患法律关系以及基于狭义医患法律关系而衍生的其他民事法律关系,例如医疗违约之债、医疗损害责任之债、人格权请求权、身份权请求权、物权请求权、胎儿利益保护、死者人格利益保护等形成的法律关系。According to the Civil Code,the doctor-patient jural relationship is a civil jural relationship,not an administrative jural relationship.At present,some scholars have misunderstanding of the nature and definition of the doctor-patient jural relationship,which are mainly manifested in the misunderstanding of typical medical service contracts,compulsory medical service contracts,medical quasi-contracts(negotiorum gestio;unjust enrichment),which do not conform to the Civil Code.According to the law,this is not conducive to clarifying the rights and obligations of both subjects,is not conducive to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of both subjects,and is not conducive to the harmonious relationship between both subjects.The narrow doctor-patient jural relationship can be defined as a civil jural relationship with medical ethical nature based on medical and health services that is generally established,novated,and terminated through a medical service contract(in certain circumstances,through a medical quasi-contract).The broad doctor-patient jural relationship includes the narrow doctor-patient jural relationship and other jural relationships derived from the narrow doctor-patient jural relationship,such as debts for breach of medical contract,debts for medical tort liability,petition of the personality right,petition of the identity right,petition of the property right,protection of the interests of the fetus,and protection of the personal interests of the deceased.

关 键 词：《民法典》 医疗服务合同 医疗准合同 无因管理 不当得利 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]