单叶蔓荆种子休眠特性与解除方法  

Dormancy Characteristics and Breaking Methods of Vitex rotundifolia Seeds

作　　者：尹德洁 布凤琴[1] 徐艳芳[1] 黄彪 李成[1] Yin Dejie;Bu Fengqin;Xu Yanfang;Huang Biao;Li Cheng(Landscape Architecture Research Center,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo&Rattan Science and Technology,International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学风景园林研究中心,济南250101 [2]国际竹藤中心国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《林业科学》2020年第12期157-165,共9页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室开放基金(ICBR-2020-06);中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(1632019026)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究单叶蔓荆种子的休眠特性,并探索解除种子休眠的方法,为其人工规模化繁育提供理论依据。【方法】采用果实和种子吸水性的测定,内源萌发抑制物质部位及类型的生物学鉴定、物理手段(浓H2SO4、切割果皮)打破种皮机械阻碍,低温层积和植物激素GA3处理降低抑制剂的浓度等不同方法,研究单叶蔓荆种子休眠的原因、可能存在的休眠类型以及解除种子休眠的方式。【结果】1)单叶蔓荆果皮厚,内果皮有完全木栓化的石细胞层,果实内种子空壳率为26%。单叶蔓荆果皮对果实及内部种子吸水有明显机械阻碍作用,种子没有吸水障碍。2)单叶蔓荆果皮的水浸提液和甲醇浸提液能显著抑制白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长,其中水浸提液的抑制作用比甲醇浸提液更明显;GA3处理后的果皮水浸提液和甲醇浸提液与未浸泡GA3时相比,使白菜种子萌发率、根长和苗高显著提高。种子水浸提液和甲醇浸提液对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长均没明显抑制作用。以上结果说明,单叶蔓荆果皮中存在水溶性和醇溶性的种子萌发抑制物。3)低温层积90天、GA3、GA3+浓H2SO4、GA3+切割果皮、GA3+低温层积30天、GA3+低温层积60天以及GA3+低温层积90天均可破除单叶蔓荆种子的休眠,促进种子萌发。其中在GA3+浓H2SO4处理下的种子发芽时间最短(14天即可发芽),发芽率最高(44%)。【结论】单叶蔓荆的果皮机械阻碍造成的物理休眠和果皮内源抑制物是影响种子休眠的主要因素。利用500 mg·L^-1GA3+浓H2SO4处理能有效解除种子休眠,提高发芽率。【Objective】Vitex rotundifolia,sandy plant and halophyte,naturally grows on the sandy beach coast front with arid and barren soil.In order to adapt to the adverse environment of strong wind and sea immersion,the seeds of V.rotundifolia have developed a deep dormancy.This study aimed to explore the dormancy characteristics of V.rotundifolia seed and the methods of breaking the seed dormancy,so as to provide theoretical basis to the propagation from seeds and large-scale production.【Method】In this study,water absorption of the fruit and seed was measured.The sites and types of endogenous germination inhibitors were biologically identified,the mechanical barrier of the seed coat was broken with physical means(concentrated H2SO4,cutting peel),and the inhibitor concentration was reduced by low temperature stratification and GA3 treatment to study the possible types of and cause for dormancy,and methods of breaking dormancy of V.rotundifolia.【Result】The results showed that:1)Vitex rotundifolia had a thick pericarp,and the endocarp had a completely corked stone cell layer with a seed empty shell rate of 26%.The peel had obvious mechanical hindrance to the water absorption,and the seed had no water absorption barrier.2)The water extract and methanol extract of the peel were able to significant inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage.The inhibitory effect of water extract on the seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage was more obvious than that of methanol extract under the same concentration,that is,the activity of the water-soluble germination inhibitor is greater than that of the alcohol-soluble germination inhibitor.The GA3 treatment of peel water extract and methanol extract could significantly improve the seed germination rate,root length and seedling height of Chinese cabbage.The water extract and methanol extract of the seeds did not significantly inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage,indicating that the presence of water-soluble

关 键 词：单叶蔓荆 种子休眠 机械阻碍 内源抑制物 GA3 

分 类 号：S722.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]