采伐胁迫对大兴安岭针阔混交林地表节肢动物群落的长期影响  

Long-Term Effects of Cutting on Ground-Dwelling Arthropod Community in Coniferous and Broadleaf Mixed Forests in the Daxing’anling Mountains

作　　者：王京 金屿淞 黄勇杰[1] 李慧仁 刘芳蕊 刘学爽 王立中 刘丹丹 林英华[1] Wang Jing;Jin Yusong;Huang Yongjie;Li Huiren;Liu Fangrui;Liu Xueshuang;Wang Lizhong;Liu Dandan;Lin Yinghua(Institute of Wetland Research,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry,Daxing’anling Forestry Group,Jiagedaqi 165000)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [3]大兴安岭农业集团公司农业林业科学研究院,加格达奇165000

出　　处：《林业科学》2020年第12期177-186,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31570603)。

摘　　要：【目的】采伐曾是大兴安岭地区重要的人为干扰活动之一。研究重度采伐对大兴安岭针阔混交林地表节肢动物群落的影响,为揭示土壤动物与森林土壤生态系统功能稳定性之间的关系提供依据。【方法】2017年6月初与8月底,采用陷阱法研究大兴安岭地区松岭林区兴安落叶松白桦天然次生针阔混交林(简称CK)、重度采伐10~15年(简称A)与重度采伐30年以上(简称B)的兴安落叶松白桦针阔混交林地表节肢动物群落对采伐干扰的响应。【结果】研究时段,1458个陷阱捕获地表节肢动物78924头,隶属6纲16目70科109类94属,未鉴定一属,优势属是铺道蚁属、棘跳属、球角跳属和小圆跳属。与CK相比,采伐胁迫下地表节肢动物菌食性类群减少,且6月菌食性类群明显大于8月菌食性类群(P<0.05);杂食性类群个体数减少(P<0.05),但6月与8月差异不显著(P>0.05)。数据分析显示,采伐胁迫导致分布地表大型节肢动物个体数与地表中小型节肢动物类群数明显减少(P<0.05),且受采样时间影响显著(P<0.05);A、B地表大型节肢动物群落Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)、Pielou指数(Js)显著高于CK(P<0.05),6月中小型节肢动物群落H′与Js显著高于8月(P<0.05)。Jaccard系数分析显示,A、B间地表节肢动物群落相似性最高,B、CK间地表节肢动物群落相似性偏低。采伐胁迫导致地表节肢动物Petraitis普通生态位重叠指数增大,即地表节肢动物共同利用资源增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于Bray-curtis相似性系数的主坐标分析(PCoA)显示,采伐胁迫导致地表节肢动物群落组成发生了明显的分化,A与B内部地表节肢动物群落之间具有较高的相似性,CK与A、B内部地表节肢动物群落存在相异性,显示采伐迹地与未采伐迹地之间地表节肢动物群落差异性长期存在。偏冗余分析(pRDA)表明,地表节肢动物群落主要受凋落物厚度与地表温、湿度影响。【结论】采伐【Objective】Logging used to be one of the main human disturbance activities in the Daxing’anling Mountains.This study aimed to provide a basis for maintaining the forest soil fauna ecosystem stability by investigating the effects of severe harvest cutting on the ground-dwelling arthropod community in coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests in the Daxing’anling Mountains.【Method】In the beginning of June and the end of August,2017,we investigated the response of ground-dwelling arthropods to cutting disturbance by pitfall traps in natural secondary Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla mixed forests(referred to as CK),the deforested land where the forest was cut about 10 to 15 years ago(referred to as A),and the deforested land that was logged more than 30 years ago(referred to as B)in Songling Forest Station,the eastern part of the Daxing’anling Mountains.【Result】During the study period,a total of 78924 individual arthropods were captured with 1458 pitfalls in the early of June and the end of August 2017,belonging to 109 groups of 70 families,16 orders,6 classes,94 genera,and 1 unidentified.The dominant groups were Tetramorium,Onychiurus,Hypogastrura,and Sminthurinus.Compared to CK,the number of fungivorous group of ground-dwelling arthropods were significantly decreased due to severe deforestation disturbance,and they were significantly more in June than August(P<0.05).The number of omnivorous group was also decreased in severe deforestation plots(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between June and August(P>0.05).The data analysis showed that the number of macro ground-dwelling arthropods and the groups of meso-and micro-sized arthropods were significantly decreased under harvesting stress(P<0.05),which was significantly affected by sampling time(P<0.05).The Shannon-Wiener index(H′),Pielou index(Js)of macro arthropods in A and B were significantly higher than that in CK(P<0.05),and the H′,Js of meso and micro arthropods in June were significantly higher than August(P<0.05).The Jaccard

关 键 词：地表节肢动物 多样性 采伐干扰 生态位 松岭区 

分 类 号：S718.69[农业科学—林学]