能源低碳转型下我国国有石油公司持续竞争力评价  

Evaluation of the sustainable competitiveness of China's state-owned oil enterprises under the low-carbon energy transformation

作　　者：张海霞[1] 柯祎 王晶[1] ZHANG Haixia;KE Yi;WANG Jing(School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京102249

出　　处：《中国矿业》2021年第1期48-54,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家社科基金项目资助(编号:18VDL017);中国石油大学(北京)科研基金项目资助(编号:2462015YQ0703)。

摘　　要：在全球能源低碳转型进程中,石油企业正面临着发展战略的抉择。在一次能源没有颠覆性替代的现阶段,我国国有石油公司能否实现成功转型并保持可持续发展至关重要。鉴于此,本文以企业可持续发展为目标,从规模实力、营运能力、盈利能力和发展能力四个维度,构建了能够体现石油行业特性的国有石油公司持续竞争力评价指标体系,运用熵权法对我国三大国有石油公司(中国石油、中国石化、中国海油)2014—2018年的企业持续竞争力与埃克森美孚进行对标分析。评价结果表明,中国石油和中国石化的持续竞争力整体呈现出“倒V型”震荡上行的趋势,中国海油持续竞争力曲线平稳。对标分析发现,埃克森美孚规模实力和发展能力显著提升,我国国有石油公司在规模实力方面时有超出对标公司,发展能力凸显,但在营运能力、盈利能力和发展能力方面与埃克森美孚仍有差距,最后提出我国国有石油公司持续竞争力提升的对策建议。In the process of global energy low-carbon transition,oil enterprises are facing the choice of development strategy.At this stage when there is no subversive replacement of primary energy,it is very important for China's state-owned oil enterprises to achieve a successful transformation and maintain sustainable development capabilities.In view of this,this paper aims at the sustainable development of enterprises,from four dimensions of scale strength,operating ability,profitability and development ability,constructs a state-owned oil company's sustainable competitiveness evaluation index system that can reflect the characteristics of the oil industry,the index system uses the entropy method to conduct benchmark analysis of the sustainable competitiveness of China's three major state-owned oil companies(PetroChina,Sinopec,and CNOOC)and Exxon Mobil from 2014 to 2018.The evaluation results show that the sustainable competitiveness of PetroChina and Sinopec has shown an upward trend of“inverted V”shocks,and the sustainable competitiveness curve of CNOOC is stable.Benchmarking analysis finds that ExxonMobil's scale strength and development capabilities have been significantly improved.State-owned oil enterprises have sometimes exceeded the benchmarking companies in terms of scale strength,and their development abilities are prominent.However,there is still a gap with Exxon Mobil in terms of operating ability,profitability and development ability.Finally,this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable competitiveness of China's state-owned oil enterprises.

关 键 词：国有石油公司 持续竞争力 能源 低碳 转型 

分 类 号：F407.22[经济管理—产业经济]