煤矿井下目标定位的研究现状与展望  

Status and prospects of research on positioning of targets in underground coal mines

作　　者：叶伟 YE Wei(School of Spatial Information and Surveying and Mapping Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,China;State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,Huainan 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学空间信息与测绘工程学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《中国矿业》2021年第1期82-89,105,共9页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目资助(编号:42372369);安徽省对外科技合作项目资助(编号:201904b11020015);2018年淮南市科技计划项目资助(编号:2018A05)。

摘　　要：本文总结了近年来提出的iBeacon井下定位技术、卡尔曼滤波UWB井下动态定位技术、WMSNs视频矿灯定位技术、TWR和SDS-TWR定位方法、异步测时煤矿井下人员定位技术、多传感器信息融合煤矿井下人员定位方法、GRPM煤矿井下人员定位技术、基于改进UWB算法的井下定位以及捷联惯性导航定位技术等井下目标定位技术与方法,并从受巷道及其支护和巷道中导体及障碍物影响大小、是否需要基站/移动终端和参考站之间时钟同步、是否需要参考站之间时钟同步、受基站/移动终端和参考站时钟频率偏移影响大小、基站/移动终端成本、参考站成本和定位精度等方面综合评定各种定位技术的优势和局限性。研发新型组合型井下精密定位系统,使得传输信号不受井下巷道环境影响、无需时钟同步、定位设备复杂度小、基站和参考站建设成本低、定位精度高、定位导航可视化,是实现井下实时位置服务、为井下目标管理提供精准控制以及煤矿智能化开采走向成熟阶段的重要环节。This paper summarizes various positioning techniques developed recently years of targets in underground coal mines namely is underground positioning technique based on iBeacon,underground dynamic positioning technique based on Kalman filter UWB,positioning technique based on WMSNs video miner's lamp,positioning based on TWR and SDS-TWR,positioning technique of personnel in underground coal mine based on asynchronous time-measuring,positioning technique of personnel in underground coal mine based on multi-sensor information-fusion,positioning technique of personnel in underground coal mine based on GRPM,positioning based on improved UWB algorithm and positioning of strap-down inertial navigation system and so on.And the aspects that degree of accuracy of positioning affected by the laneways and their supports and the conductors and obstacles existed in the underground laneways,whether the clock synchronization between the base station/mobile terminal and the reference station is required or not,whether the clock synchronization among the reference stations is needed or not,degree of accuracy of positioning affected by the frequency offset of the base station/mobile terminal and the reference station,cost of base station/mobile terminal and reference station that positioning accuracy are comprehensively evaluated for the advantages and shortcomings of the variety of positioning techniques.Research and development of new combined underground precise positioning systems to guarantee that transmission signals not be affected by the underground laneway surroundings and that the positioning systems don't need clock synchronization and have these advantages namely is small positioning equipment complexity,low construction cost of base stations and reference stations,high positioning accuracy,and visualization of positioning and navigation are the key links to make the precise position service,precise control of underground targets management and mature intelligence of coal mines come true.

关 键 词：矿井环境 井下目标定位 人员定位 煤矿 基站 

分 类 号：TD65[矿业工程—矿山机电]