Solvent-Less Vapor-Phase Fabrication of Membranes for Sustainable Separation Processes  

作　　者：Junjie Zhao Karen K.Gleason 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China [2]Institute of Zhejiang University–Quzhou,Quzhou 324000,China [3]Department of Chemical Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,MA 02139,USA

出　　处：《Engineering》2020年第12期1432-1442,共11页工程（英文）

基　　金：Zhejiang University,the research grant from the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-19T04);the funding support from the Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou(IZQ2019-KJ-011);Junjie Zhao also acknowledges the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908194 and 21938011).

摘　　要：Sustainable processes for purifying water,capturing carbon,producing biofuels,operating fuel cells,and performing energy-efficient industrial separations will require next-generation membranes.Solvent-less fabrication for membranes not only eliminates potential environmental issues with organic solvents,but also solves the swelling problems that occur with delicate polymer substrates.Furthermore,the activation procedures often required for synthesizing microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)can be reduced when solvent-less vapor-phase approaches are employed.This perspective covers several vacuum deposition processes,including initiated chemical vapor deposition(iCVD),initiated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(iPECVD),solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in situ polymerization(SLIP),atomic layer deposition(ALD),and molecular layer deposition(MLD).These solvent-less vapor-phase methods are powerful in creating ultrathin selective layers for thin-film composite membranes and advantageous in conformally coating nanoscale pores for the precise modification of pore size and internal functionalities.The resulting membranes have shown promising performance for gas separation,nanofiltration,desalination,and water/oil separation.Further development of novel membrane materials and the scaling up of high-throughput reactors for solvent-less vapor-phase processes are necessary in order to make a real impact on the chemical industry in the future.

关 键 词：Membrane separation Chemical vapor deposition Atomic layer deposition Molecular layer deposition Thin films Metal-organic frameworks POLYMERS Advanced manufacturing 

分 类 号：TQ051.893[化学工程]