外来物种海虱在口岸检疫中的筛查及鉴定技术  

Screening and Identification Techniques of Alien Species Sea Lice in Customs

作　　者：田城城 兰文升 吴江 温智清 叶仕根 史卫军 TIAN Cheng-cheng;LAN Wen-sheng;WU Jiang;WEN Zhi-qing;YE Shi-gen;SHI Wei-jun(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian,Liaoning,116023,China;Animal & Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs,Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518010,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]深圳海关动植物检验检疫技术中心/深圳市检验检疫科学研究院,广东深圳518010

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2021年第1期56-63,共8页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：深圳市科技创新委员会科技计划项目(JCYJ20170410103015603)。

摘　　要：海虱是一种能感染北半球鲑科鱼类并造成重大经济损失的桡足类的体外寄生虫,近年来我国从挪威大量进口大西洋鲑鱼,自2017年深圳海关不断从进口大西洋鲑鱼体上检测到寄生的海虱,严格筛查并且准确地鉴定这种寄生虫,对于预警我国养殖鲑科鱼被感染的潜在风险至关重要。对收集的海虱样本进行形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定,以期建立快速和准确的鉴定方法。研究发现进口的挪威大西洋鲑鱼感染的海虱有两类,但无明显的形态学差异,一种为鲑疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus salmonis),另一种为长鱼虱(Caligus elongatus),前者占样本总数的82.42%,后者占样本总数的17.58%。形态学方法难以很好地区别海虱的物种差异,而且只能对成虫鉴定,不能对虫卵和无特定形态的幼虫进行鉴别。试验建立了基于18S rDNA的分子生物学鉴定方法,能够弥补形态学方法的不足,同步筛查和鉴定两类海虱,并且具有灵敏度高的优势。首次报道进口大西洋鲑携带海虱入境的风险,为口岸预警海虱入侵提供了一种实用的快速筛查和鉴定技术方法。Sea lice are ectoparasites that can infect northern hemisphere Salmonidae,and can cause significant economic losses.A large quantities of Atlantic salmon were imported into China from Norway.Alien sea lice from imported Atlantic salmon were detected intermittently from 2017 by Shenzhen Customs,China.Accurate identification of this parasite is essential to alert its potential influence to Salmonidae aquaculture.In this study,the morphological and molecular identification of sea lice from Atlantic salmon imported from Norway was done.It was found that imported Norwegian Atlantic salmon carried two kinds of sea lice.One is Lepeophtheirus salmonis and the other is Caligus elongatus.The former accounts for 82.42%of the total samples,and the later accounts for 17.58%.The morphological method can only identify adult sea lice,and cannot do with eggs and larvae.Moreover,the method cannot differentiate the two kinds of species.The established real-time PCR method can fill the gap with high sensitivity,and identify two kinds of sea lice indiscriminately.The study is the first report about the sea lice invasion into China by imported Atlantic salmon.A feasible and rapid identification method was provided for alerting the alien sea lice invasion.

关 键 词：鲑疮痂鱼虱 长鱼虱 分子生物学鉴定 实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应 

分 类 号：S852.744[农业科学—基础兽医学] S941.5[农业科学—兽医学]