视神经再生机制研究与进展  

Advances in the mechanisms of optic nerve regeneration

作　　者：李珊珊 尤冉 郭笑霄 赵露[1] 王艳玲[1] 陈曦[1] Li Shanshan;You Ran;Guo Xiaoxiao;Zhao Lu;Wang Yanling;Chen Xi(Department of Ophthalmology,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院眼科,北京市100050

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2021年第23期3740-3745,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81870686),项目负责人:王艳玲;北京市自然科学基金资助(7184201),项目负责人:陈曦;首都卫生发展科研专项资助(首发2018-1-2021),项目负责人:王艳玲。

摘　　要：背景:视神经是广泛用于研究促进或抑制中枢神经系统中轴突再生因素的主要载体之一。目的:对视神经再生机制研究进展予以综述。方法:以“Optic nerve,Axon regeneration,Retinal ganglion cell”为英文检索词,以“视神经,轴突再生,视网膜节细胞”为中文检索词,检索发表在PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库的相关文献。结果与结论:在成年个体中视网膜神经节细胞并不具有再生能力,但是在过去几十年的研究中发现,在适当条件的刺激下,其轴突仍具有部分再生的潜能。通过外周神经片段移植、神经营养性因子治疗、增强眼内炎症反应、阻断轴突生长抑制因子和增强或阻断特定的信号通路等方式,或者将上述方法组合应用,视网膜节细胞轴突可再生通过损伤区域,并延伸视神经全长,通过视交叉准确投射到视觉中枢,建立突触后反应。视神经再生的研究不仅可能帮助患者恢复视觉,而且也有助于其他中枢神经系统损伤治疗的研究。BACKGROUND:The optic nerve has been widely used as a main carrier for promoting or inhibiting axon regeneration in the central nervous system.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the mechanism of optic nerve regeneration METHODS:PubMed,CNKI,and WanFang database were searched for relevant studies using the keywords of“optic nerve,axon regeneration,retinal ganglion cell”in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Although retinal ganglion cells in adults show no capacity to regenerate their axons following optic nerve damage,in the past several decades,studies have shown that retinal ganglion cells have the potential to partially regenerate axons under proper conditions.Recently,some degree of regeneration has been achieved through a segment of peripheral nerve grafted to the optic nerve,or the optic nerve itself by factors associated with intraocular inflammation,or by applying trophic factors,blocking suppressors of axon growth or altering levels of the intracellular signaling pathway.Combinatorial treatments that include two or more of these factors enable some retinal ganglion cells to regenerate axons from the eye through the entire length of the optic nerve and across the optic chiasm.In some cases,regenerating axons have been shown to innervate the appropriate central target areas and elicit postsynaptic responses.Thus,progress in optic nerve regeneration holds promise not only for visual restoration but also for improving outcomes after injury to other parts of the mature central nervous system.

关 键 词：视神经 轴突再生 视网膜节细胞 炎症刺激 神经营养性因子 PTEN 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R496[医药卫生—临床医学]