气候变化对黄河流域生态安全影响及适应对策  

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Security of the Yellow River Basin and Its Adaptation Countermeasures

作　　者：肖风劲[1] 徐雨晴[1] 黄大鹏[1] 廖要明[1] 於琍[1] XIAO Fengjin;XU Yuqing;HUANG Dapeng;LIAO Yaoming;YU Li(National Climate Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第1期10-14,52,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300201,2020YFE0201900)。

摘　　要：黄河流域是我国北方重要的生态屏障,也是我国重要的农业生产基地、能源基地,在我国经济社会发展和生态安全方面具有重要的作用。在气候变化和人类活动共同作用下,黄河流域出现冰川冻土退化、水资源短缺、土地荒漠化、水土流失加剧、水旱灾害频繁、生物多样性减少等一系列生态环境问题。上游暖湿化、中下游暖干化的气候变化趋势,对黄河流域生态安全产生深远影响;未来黄河流域气温将持续升高,极端天气气候事件增加,干旱缺水的气候格局不会发生根本性改变,使得流域将面临更加严峻的生态安全风险。面对当前的各种生态问题以及未来生态安全风险挑战,采取应对气候变化和保护生态环境适应性措施十分迫切,主要措施包括加强气候变化和极端天气气候事件对黄河流域生态环境影响的科学研究,提升气候变化风险管理能力;在上游加强黄河水源涵养保护,中游强化荒漠与水土流失治理,下游强化黄河水资源和湿地生态保护;多部门联合协作共同应对气候变化带来的生态安全挑战,确保黄河流域的生态安全。The Yellow River Basin(YRB)is not only the most important ecological barrier and economic region in the northern China,but also an important agricultural production base and energy base in China.It plays a very important role in China’s economic and social devel⁃opment and ecological security.However,the ecological environment of the YRB is fragile,the situation of water resources security is grim and the development quality needs to be improved.In recent years,under the joint influence of climate change and human activities,a series of eco⁃environmental problems have appeared in the YRB,such as the degradation of glaciers and frozen soil,the shortage of water re⁃sources,the severe form of land desertification,the aggravation of soil erosion,the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts and the reduc⁃tion of biodiversity.Warmer and wetter climate over the upper reaches and warmer and drier one in the middle and lower reaches have pro⁃foundly affected the ecological security of the YRB.In the future,the temperature in the YRB will continue to rise,extreme events will in⁃crease and the climate pattern of drought and water shortage will not be changed fundamentally,which will make the basin face more severe ecological security risks.For the current ecological problems and future ecological security risk challenges,it is necessary and urgent to take adaptive measures to deal with climate change and protect the ecological environment.These measures mainly include a)strengthening the scientific research on the impact of climate change and extreme events on the ecological environment of the YRB and improving the ability of climate change risk management;b)strengthening the water conservation and protection in the upper reaches,the management of desert and soil erosion in the middle reaches and the ecological protection of water resources and wetlands in the lower reaches in the YRB and;c)multi⁃sector cooperating to jointly tackle the ecological security challenges brought by climate change.

关 键 词：气候变化 生态安全 影响 适应 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]