覆盖区地质调查中的盆山构造地貌关系研究:以东天山-吐哈盆地为例  

Basin-Range Coupling and Tectonic Topography Analysis during Geological Mapping on Covered Area: A Case Study of Turpan-Hami Basin, Eastern Tianshan

作　　者：王国灿[1,2] 申添毅[2] 陈超[3] 季军良[4] 王岸[2] Wang Guocan;Shen Tianyi;Chen Chao;Ji Junliang;Wang An(Institute of Geological Survey,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Center for Global Tectonics,School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Institute of Geophysics&Geomatics,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学地质调查研究院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质大学地球科学学院全球大地构造研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [3]中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院,湖北武汉430074 [4]中国地质大学地理与信息工程学院,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学》2020年第12期4313-4331,共19页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41972208);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(Nos.DD20179607,DD20160060)。

摘　　要：西北地区中-新生代以来发育系列断陷盆地,盆地内的覆盖层结构及其与周缘造山带之间的盆山构造地貌关系是研究大陆动力学的基础性问题.在覆盖区地质调查工作中,利用地质学、地球物理学、地球化学、钻探等多种方法手段,可以对覆盖区盆地的结构形态、盆地边界构造属性、沉积物分布特征、沉积过程的源汇体系进行系统的分析研究,帮助深入理解覆盖区的沉积过程、山脉隆升剥露过程以及构造地貌演化过程.基于新疆吐哈盆地覆盖区的地质调查工作,本研究提出并实践了在覆盖区开展盆山构造地貌关系研究的技术方法体系.通过野外地质调查和室内测试分析,结合重力、航磁、地震等地球物理勘探方法以及钻孔岩心分析,系统分析和探讨了哈密盆地中-新生代覆盖层三维结构、控盆控貌构造及源汇系统,建立了研究区与相邻造山带之间的盆山耦合关系及构造地貌演化过程,为覆盖区地质调查过程中开展盆山构造地貌过程的研究提供了示范.Since the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, a series of rift basins are developed in the West China. The framework of the sedimentary covering layers in the basin as well as the basin-range coupling and tectonic topography evolution between the basin and surrounding mountains are critical for understanding the geodynamics. During the geological mapping works in the covered area, the sedimentary structure, boundary faults, deposit distribution and provenance of the basin could be analyzed by using geological, geophysical, geochemical and drilling methods. These techniques would help us getting a better understanding on the basin accumulation, mountain exhumation and tectonic topography evolution. Based on the geological mapping project in the Turpan-Hami basin, in this study it proposes and practices the methodologies for the analysis of basin-range coupling and tectonic topography evolution. After detailed geological mapping and analysis, the reginal gravity survey, magnetotelluric sounding,seismic profiling and drilling were performed in the study area. According to the geological observations and geophysical data, in this paper it analyzes and discusses the sediment frameworks in three dimensions, basin-controlled structures and erosiondeposition processes of the eastern Turpan-Hami basin, which contribute to the basin-range coupling and tectonic topography evolution in the eastern Tianshan. This work would provide a typical example for the analysis of basin-range coupling and tectonic topography evolution in covered area.

关 键 词：覆盖区地质调查 覆盖层结构 盆山地貌过程 东天山 吐哈盆地 构造 

分 类 号：P548[天文地球—构造地质学]