HEPA空气净化器对学校室内颗粒物的净化效果研究  

Purification Effect of HEPA Air Purifier on School Indoor Particulate Matter

作　　者：阳晓燕[1] 温勃 孔建[1] 阮鸿洁[1] 王秦[1] 徐东群[1] YANG Xiaoyan;WEN Bo;KONG Jian;RUAN Hongjie;WANG Qin;XU Dongqun(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;Institute of Child and Adolescent Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021 [2]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第1期235-244,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(No.DQGG0405)。

摘　　要：为了解HEPA(high efficiency particle air filter,高效空气过滤器)空气净化器在小学教室和寝室的净化效果,于2019年3—4月在北京市一所全寄宿小学开展了一项HEPA空气净化器的交叉干预研究.记录干预组、非干预组室内和室外PM2.5、PM 10、PM 1的浓度,计算空气净化器的净化率;采用多元线性回归模型探索净化效果的影响因素.结果表明:①空气净化器对PM2.5、PM 10、PM 1的净化率分别为41.3%[Q 1~Q u(下四分位数~上四分位数,下同):0~53.1%]、40.7%(10.5%~46.2%)和34.9%(9.6%~40.3%),其中对PM2.5的净化率最高;寝室的净化率高于教室的净化率.②当室外PM2.5浓度为[115,150)μg/m^3时对PM2.5的净化率最高,为52.83%(50.26%~56.13%),PM 10和PM 1亦有类似结果.③多元线性回归分析表明,室外PM2.5浓度<35μg/m^3时,开门通风和室内人员活动分别使室内PM2.5浓度下降3.73μg/m^3〔95%置信区间(95%CI):(0.60μg/m^3,6.86μg/m^3)〕和升高3.4μg/m^3(0.22μg/m^3,6.58μg/m^3);室外PM2.5浓度为[35,150)μg/m^3时,空气净化器使室内PM2.5浓度下降33.36μg/m^3(16.47μg/m^3,50.25μg/m^3);室外PM2.5浓度≥150μg/m^3时,空气净化器和开门通风分别使室内PM2.5浓度下降48.87μg/m^3(25.62μg/m^3,72.12μg/m^3)和升高37.65μg/m^3(5.60μg/m^3,69.69μg/m^3).研究显示:空气净化器可同时降低室内PM2.5、PM 10、PM 1的浓度;当室外PM2.5浓度<35μg/m^3时,不需开启空气净化器;当室外PM2.5浓度为[35,150)μg/m^3时,空气净化器有较好的净化效果,偶尔开窗通风不影响空气净化器的净化效果;当室外PM2.5浓度≥150μg/m^3时,开启空气净化器时应关闭门窗,以免影响其净化效果.In order to evaluate the actual purification effect of air purifiers in primary school classrooms and dormitories,a cross-intervention study was carried out in a boarding primary school in Beijing from March to April 2019.Classes for grades 4 to 5 were selected and divided into 2 groups.The air purifiers equipped with high efficiency particle air filter(HEPA)were placed in one group of classrooms and dormitories,while the air purifiers without HEPA were placed in the other group.After 4 days of intervention and a one-month washout period,the air purifiers were exchanged for the second intervention.The indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5,PM 10 and PM 1 were monitored in accordance with students′schedules,and the purification rates of the air purifiers were calculated based on the intervention group and non-intervention group.A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influence of outdoor PM2.5 concentration,intervention,personnel activities,and ventilation on indoor PM2.5,and to analyze the factors influencing the purification effect.The results showed that:(1)The purification rates of PM2.5,PM 10 and PM 1 were 41.3%(lower quartile(Q l)-upper quartile(Q u):0-53.1%),40.7%(10.5%-46.2%),and 34.9%(9.6%-40.3%),respectively.PM2.5 had the highest purification rate.The purification rates of PM2.5 in dormitories were higher than that in classrooms,and similar findings were found for PM 10 and PM 1.(2)When the outdoor PM2.5 concentrations was in the 115-150μg/m^3 group,the highest purification rate of the air purifier was 52.83%(50.26%-56.13%),and similar findings were found for PM 10 and PM 1.(3)Multiple linear regression analysis determined that when outdoor PM2.5 concentration<35μg/m^3,the indoor PM2.5 concentration decreased by 3.73μg/m^3(95%confidence interval(95%CI):(0.60μg/m^3,6.86μg/m^3))with open-door ventilation,and indoor PM2.5 concentration increased by 3.4μg/m^3(0.22μg/m^3,6.58μg/m^3)in the case of indoor personnel activities.When the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was between 35μ

关 键 词：高效空气过滤器(HEPA) 小学生 净化率 PM 10 PM2.5 PM 1 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]