甘薯近缘种人工合成四倍体的倍性鉴定和减数分裂行为观察  

Ploidy identification and meiotic behavior observation of artificially synthesized tetraploid of sweetpotato relative species

作　　者：邓逸桐 王珧 张安[1] 孙建英 戴习彬 孙健 唐君[1] 曹清河[1,2] Deng Yitong;Wang Yao;Zhang An;Sun Jianying;Dai Xibin;Sun Jian;Tang Jun;Cao Qinghe(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu,Xuzhou 221131,Jiangsu,China;School of Life Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221131 [2]江苏师范大学生命科学学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期34-38,共5页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-10-B1);农业农村部作物品种资源保护费项目(19200362)。

摘　　要：对有性杂交获得的三浅裂野牵牛人工合成四倍体(6x×2x)进行倍性鉴定和减数分裂行为研究,以期在细胞学水平揭示这个物种的遗传信息,为其在育种上的利用提供借鉴.对10个分散良好的有丝分裂中期的染色体进行计数,人工合成四倍体的体细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=60.流式细胞术预估人工合成四倍体的基因组大小为(790.45±12.52)Mb,约为二倍体三浅裂野牵牛I.trifida(2x)基因组大小的1.7倍.共观察770个人工合成四倍体的花粉母细胞,其减数分裂过程完整,但染色体存在异常行为;中期Ⅰ、中期Ⅱ、后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ的异常率分别为10.11%、68.42%、42.86%和54.55%,存在板外染色体、滞后染色体、染色体桥和分裂不同步等异常现象.本试验合成的材料为有性杂交创制的桥梁物种,或将成为甘薯分子细胞遗传学研究的基础材料.The ploidy identification and meiotic behavior of the artificially synthesized tetraploid(6x×2x)of Ipomoea trifida obtained through sexual crossing are studied in this article in order to reveal the genetic information of the species at the cytogenetic level and provide a reference for use in breeding.The average calculation of the number of chromosomes of 10 effective cell division images shows that the number of somatic chromosomes of artificially synthesized wild species is 2n=4x=60.The genome size of the synthetic tetraploid is estimated to be about 1.7 times the genome size of I.trifida(2x),which is(790.45±12.52)Mb.The meiosis process of synthetic tetraploid is complete.A total of 770 pollen mother cells are observed,but there are abnormal behaviors of chromosomes.The abnormal rates of metaphaseⅠ,metaphaseⅡ,anaphaseⅠand anaphaseⅡwere 10.11%,68.42%,42.86%,and 54.55%,respectively.There were abnormal phenomena such as extraplate chromosomes,lagging chromosomes,chromosomal bridges and asynchrony of division.Materials synthesized in this experiment is a bridge species created by sexual hybridization,or it will become the basic material for the study of sweetpotato molecular cytogenetics.

关 键 词：三浅裂野牵牛 有性杂交 四倍体 基因组大小 减数分裂 

分 类 号：Q23[生物学—细胞生物学] S531[农业科学—作物学]