二战结束初期日本关于琉球领土归属权的对策研究与实践活动(1945-1947)  

Japan's Policies and Practices on the Ryukyu Territory in the Early Post-World War Ⅱ Period(1945-1947)

作　　者：李超 LI Chao(Institute of International Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai,China;School of Social Development and Public Administration,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际问题研究院 [2]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期192-202,共11页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“战后琉球法律地位研究”(18CGJ027);第63批中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“战后琉球地位的应然与实然”(2018M631986)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：二战结束初期,日本就主权归属地位未定的琉球迅速展开对策研究活动,而美苏冷战局势的形成,客观上为日本向美国争取琉球领土主权提供了可乘之机。虽然日本将对策研究方案付诸实践的几次尝试表面上没有收到积极反馈,但美国根据自身需求而对于东亚战略的调整思路,可以说与“芦田备忘录”和“天皇备忘录”中的琉球构想形成了某种政治默契,也间接说明日本的对策研究活动取得了一定实效。由此,日本进一步认识到美国试图独占琉球的意图,于是将琉球领土对策的赌注押在美国手上,企图通过依靠美国并满足其战略意图的方式,与其携手突破《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》的领土方案以及相关国际法原则等。日本此举不仅导致琉球战后地位问题的日趋复杂,也为战后东亚秩序的演变及相关问题的产生埋下了伏笔。In the early post-World WarⅡperiod,Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan swiftly started researches on obtaining the sovereignty of Ryukyu islands.And the political landscape of Cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union made it possible for Japan to take Ryukyu issue as chip for further bargaining with the United States if taking the initiative to meet USA's strategic needs.And the fact that the conception in "Ashida Memorandum"and"the Emperor of Japan's Memorandum"echoed with the United States'strategic adjustments of east Asia towards its own favor proved that Japan's research had yielded results.Japan further realized the intention of the United States to monopolize Ryukyu,so it placed the bet of the Ryukyu territorial countermeasures in the hands of the United States,attempting to break through the territorial plan and relevant principles of international law stipulated in the Cairo Declaration and Potsdam Proclamation by relying on the United States and satisfying its strategic intentions.The move not only increases the complexity of Ryukyu's sovereignty issue,but also brings the transformation of East Asian order and other related issues after the war.

关 键 词：二战结束初期 日本 琉球地位 “芦田备忘录” “天皇备忘录” 

分 类 号：K313.5[历史地理—历史学] D731.3[历史地理—世界史]