夏热冬冷地区四川自贡市过渡季住宅开窗行为实测与建模研究  

Measurement and Modeling of Window Opening Behavior of Residents in Transitional Season in a Region with Hot Summer and Cold Winter

作　　者：刘奕巧 潘嵩[1] 毛亚东 王宏燕[1] 李丹[2] 牛宝联[2] LIU Yiqiao;PAN Song;MAO Yadong;WANG Hongyan;LI Dan;NIU Baolian(Beijing University of Technology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Nanjing normal university Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学绿色建筑环境与节能技术重点实验室,北京100124 [2]南京师范大学,南京210023

出　　处：《建筑科学》2020年第12期74-82,共9页Building Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划“建筑全性能仿真平台内核开发”(2017YFC0702200)资助。

摘　　要：人员的开窗行为对室内空气品质、人体热舒适以及建筑能耗都有较大的影响。为了提高能耗预测模型以及室内空气品质评价模型的准确率,应根据不同气候区各季节的特征,分别建立开窗行为模型。目前我国夏热冬冷地区住宅开窗行为的研究案例还较少,为此本文通过问卷调研、实际监测与建模分析的方法对四川省自贡市7户住宅过渡季人员的开窗行为开展了研究,分析发现与既有研究存在以下不同:1)发现3种开窗典型人,分别为积极型(开窗概率>=95%)、消极型(开窗概率<=5%)、随机型(开窗概率在前两者之间,受多因素影响,具有随机性),并提出了新的住宅开窗行为建模框架;2)根据典型人分类,发现积极型典型人日均开窗时长为1 394 min/d,消极型为41 min/d,随机型为1 122 min/d,不同于既有研究平均所有样本得到的581 min/d与200 min/d;3)对于随机型住户运用Binary Logistic regression建立了模型,发现室内湿度、室内温度、室外风速较其他因素而言对开窗行为影响更大,不同于以往研究中室外温度为最大的影响因素。本次研究的成果能够加深人们对夏热冬冷地区过渡季住宅开窗行为特征的认识,提出的新型开窗行为建模框架有助于提高预测模型的准确度。Occupants’ window opening behavior has a great impact on indoor air quality,human thermal comfort,and building energy consumption.To improve the accuracy of energy consumption prediction model and indoor air quality evaluation model,it is necessary to set up appropriate window-opening behavior models based on the characteristics of different seasons in different climatic regions.At present,there are still few studies on residential window-opening behaviors in China’s hot-summer and cold-winter areas.Therefore,the window-opening behavior of personnel in 7 houses of Zigong( a city in Sichuan Province) during the transitional season was investigated through questionnaire survey, field detection and model analysis.The investigation discovered the following differences from existing studies: 1) It identified three types of typical person with different window-opening behaviors,namely positive type( opening probability > = 95%),negative type( opening probability < = 5%),and random type( opening probability is between the first two types and susceptible to multiple factors),and proposed a new modeling framework for residential windowing behavior;2) According to the classification of typical person,the average daily window-opening duration was 1,394 min/d for the positive-type person,41 min/d for the negative-type person and 1,122 min/d for the random-type person.The results differed from the 581 min/d amd200 min/d obtained by averaging all samples in established studies;3) The Binary Logistic regression was used to model the random-type household.Different from the previous conclusion that outdoor temperature was the most influential factor,this study found that indoor humidity,indoor temperature,and outdoor wind speed had a greater impact on window opening behavior than other factors.The findings can deepen people’s understanding of the characteristics of window opening behavior in the transitional season of hot-summer and cold-winter areas.The proposed modeling framework for window opening behavior helps to impr

关 键 词：开窗行为 典型人 预测模型 能耗 空气品质 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]