汉德克《守门员面对罚点球时的焦虑》中的语言批判主题  

On the Theme of Language Criticism in Peter Handke’s The Goalie’s Anxiety at the Penalty Kick

作　　者：徐建华 XU Jianhua

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学德语学院,北京100089

出　　处：《外国语文》2020年第6期19-24,共6页Foreign Languages and Literature

摘　　要：作为2019年诺贝尔文学奖得主,彼得·汉德克的作品"用语言的独创性探索了人类经验的边界和特殊性"。这位奥地利当代作家曾在早期"说话剧"中高度关注语言批判主题,而自20世纪70年代以来,他的创作开始围绕日常这一轴心展开。长篇小说《守门员面对罚点球时的焦虑》(1970)可被视为汉德克诗学转折的代表作之一,在这部反侦探小说的创作中,汉德克展演了言说主体在日常背景下行动与感受的被动状态:作为现代漫游者的主人公试图以冒险行动逃离城市、寻找自我身份,却无法与他人达成言语交流,最终他逐渐意识到,凌驾于日常之上的逻辑语言真理观与无个性的语言流通导致了沟通的必然失败。一方面日常在此构成批评对象,另一方面建筑等日常事务则成为对逻辑语言的隐喻;而相比于维特根斯坦后期对于语言交流功用的强调,汉德克对语言的反思意识具有更丰富深刻的阐释空间。The Nobel Prize for Literature 2019 was awarded to Peter Handke "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience." This Austrian contemporary writer pays particular attention to language criticism in his early plays(Sprechstücke), and since the 1970 s, "daily life"(Alltag) has gradually become the axis of his writing. The short novel "Goalkeeper’s Anxiety in Penalty", which appeared in 1970, could be criticized as one of the masterpieces in his transition period of poetry, this anti-detective novel demonstrates the passive state of subject’s actions and feelings in the background of daily life: the protagonist Bloch, as a modern rover, tries to escape from the city of Vienna by adventure and find his identity;However, he was never able to reach communication with others. Bloch gradually realized that the logical view of truth, which prevailed above daily life, and the flow of uncharacteristic languages led to the inevitable failure of communication. Daily life here becomes the object of criticism and some daily things such as architecture become metaphor for logical language. Compared with Wittgenstein’s emphasis on everyday language functions, Handke’s reflective consciousness of language in his writing has much richer and profounder space for interpretation.

关 键 词：汉德克 语言主题 日常生活 交流 维特根斯坦 

分 类 号：I521.074[文学—其他各国文学]