重金属污染对两种主要油料作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Major Oil Crops

作　　者：贾昱靖 张小乐 陈颖[1] 王晨骄 徐海洋 官会林[1] 黄晶心 JIA Yujing;ZHANG Xiaole;CHEN Ying;WANG Chenjiao;XU Haiyang;GUAN Huilin;HUANG Jingxin(Yunnan Ecological Research Station of Soil Degradation and Remediation for Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;School of Mathematics&Statistics,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学高原特色中药材种植土壤质量演变退化与修复云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650500 [2]楚雄师范学院数学与统计学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第10期1138-1144,共7页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31800443);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(41661069);云南省教育厅基金项目(2018JS144);云南师范大学博士启动基金项目(2017ZB021);云南省大学生创新训练项目(DC2019-098)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究2种主要油料作物芝麻(Sesamum indicum)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus)在铅(Pb^2+)、镉(Cd^2+)、铬(Cr^6+)、铜(Cu^2+)污染农田综合利用上的可能性。【方法】以2种油料作物主栽品种为试验材料,采用水培法研究Pb^2+(0.0、 5.0、 10.0、 20.0、 50.0、 80.0 mg·L^-1)、 Cd^2+(0.0、 0.5、 1.0、 5.0、 10.0、 20.0 mg·L^-1)、Cr^6+(0.0、 3.0、 5.0、 8.0、 12.0、 14.0mg·L^-1)、 Cu^2+(0.0、 50.0、 100.0、 150.0、 300.0、 600.0mg·L^-1)对油料作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【结果】对2种作油料物种子萌发率的影响:2种油料作物的种子萌发率均随着Pb^2+、Cd^2+、Cr^6+、Cu^2+浓度的升高而降低,各处理芝麻种子的萌发率均极显著高于向日葵(P<0.01)。低浓度的4种重金属污染物对2种油料作物的发育与形态建成无明显影响,高质量浓度处理Pb^2+(20.0~80.0mg·L^-1)、Cd^2+(5.0~20.0 mg·L^-1)、Cr^6+(5.0~14.0 mg·L^-1)、Cu^2+(150.0~600.0 mg·L^-1)时2种油料作物无法形成正常的根或芽。对2种油料作物幼苗根生长的影响:Pb^2+胁迫(5.0~10.0 mg·L^-1)、Cd^2+胁迫(0.5~20.0 mg·L^-1)、Cu^2+胁迫(50~300.0 mg·L^-1)、Cr^6+胁迫(8.0~12.0mg·L^-1)对芝麻根生长的抑制作用极显著大于向日葵(P<0.01),而Pb^2+胁迫(20.0~80.0 mg·L^-1)、Cr^6+胁迫(14.0 mg·L^-1)与上述作用相反。对2种油料作物种子芽生长的影响:Pb^2+胁迫(10.0~80.0mg·L^-1)、 Cd^2+胁迫(5mg·L^-1)、 Cu^2+胁迫(50~100.0mg·L^-1和600.0mg·L^-1)、 Cr^6+胁迫(3.0~8.0 mg·L^-1和14.0 mg·L^-1)对向日葵种子芽生长的抑制作用大于芝麻,Cd^2+胁迫(0.5~1.0 mg·L^-1和10.0~20.0mg·L^-1)与上述作用相反。【结论】农田铅(Pb^2+)、镉(Cd^2+)、铬(Cr^6+)、铜(Cu^2+)污染对芝麻种子萌发率的影响极显著小于向日葵。综合4种重金属污染下根、芽生长状况,芝麻相对于向日葵对Pb^2+(20.0~80.0 mg·L^-1)、Cr^6+(14.0 mg·L^-1)的耐受性更强;向日葵相对于芝麻对Cd^2+(0.5~1.0 mg·L^-1和10.0~2【Objective】 Possibility of growing sesame(Sesamum indicum) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus) crops on the soil polluted by Pb^2+, Cd^2+, Cr^6+, and/or Cu^2+ was explored in a hydroponic experimentation in laboratory with the respects of seed germination and seedling growth of the plants.【Method】 Seeds of sesame and sunflower cultivars were planted in hydroponics to examine the effects of heavy metals, Pb^2+(at 0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, and 80.0 mg·L^-1), Cd^2+(at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0,10.0, and 20.0 mg·L^-1), Cr^6+(at 0, 3.0, 5.0, 8.0, 12.0, and 14.0 mg·L^-1) and Cu^2+(at 0, 50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 300.0, and 600.0 mg·L^-1) on the germination and seedling growth. 【Result】 The artificially added heavy metals in the medium decreased the seed germination rates(GR) of both cultivars as the Pb^2+, Cd^2+, Cr^6+, and Cu^2+ concentrations increased. The effect was significantly higher on the sesame seeds than the sunflower seeds(P<0.01). At lower levels of the heavy metal concentrations,the development and morphogenesis of either seeds were significantly affected. However, as the pollutants were increased in the medium(i.e., Pb^2+>80.0 mg·L^-1, Cd^2+>20.0 mg·L^-1, Cr^6+>14.0 mg·L^-1, and Cu^2+>600.0 mg·L^-1), normal root or bud formation was inhibited on both cultivars. For the growth of the seedlings, the heavy metals exerted greater reductions with Pb^2+ at 5.0^-10.0 mg·L^-1, Cd^2+ at 0.5-20.0 mg·L^-1, Cu^2+ at 50-300.0 mg·L^-1, and Cr^6+ at 8.0^-12.0 mg·L^-1 on the root length of sesame than sunflower plants(P<0.01), but at 20.0-80.0 mg·L^-1 of Pb^2+ or 14.0 mg·L^-1 of Cr6, the opposite was observed. For the growth of seedling shoots, Pb^2+ at 10.0-80.0 mg·L^-1, Cd^2+ at 5.0 mg·L^-1, Cu^2+ at 50.0^-100.0 mg·L^-1 and 600.0 mg·L^-1 or Cr^6+ at 3.0-8.0 mg·L^-1 and 14.0 mg·L^-1 inhibited it on sunflower more than on sesame, while the opposite was found with Cd^2+at 0.5-1.0 mg·L^-1 or 10.0-20.0 mg·L^-1. 【Conclusion】 Heavy metals, Pb^2+, Cd^2+, Cr^6+, and/or Cu^2+, in a hydroponic medium induced

关 键 词：油料作物 土壤重金属污染 种子萌发率 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]