风险社会中国家治理的辩证法  

Dialectics of State Governance in Risk Society

作　　者：张光辉[1] ZHANG Guanghui(Political College of National Defence University PLA China,Shanghai 201602,China)

机构地区：[1]国防大学政治学院,上海201602

出　　处：《学术探索》2021年第1期30-36,共7页Academic Exploration

基　　金：浙江省2018年度高校重大人文社科攻关计划项目(2018QN013);国家社科基金青年项目(13CZZ029)。

摘　　要：人类历史上各个时期的各种社会形态从一定意义上说,都是一种风险社会。在现代社会,“传统风险”依然存在,甚至在特定的时期和阶段,“传统风险”也可能成为“现代社会”最具威胁性的风险类型。在风险社会中,一方面传统风险与现代风险并存,另一方面,风险会呈现时间滞后性、发作的突发性和超越常规性以及人们在面对风险时所表现出的慌乱无措等特点,这就对国家治理能力提出更高要求。要提升国家治理的效能从而有效减小和化解风险,必须处理好五对矛盾关系,即国家治理要提升风险意识与积极化危为机统一、坚持科学理性与注重价值关怀互嵌、增强国家能力与支持公民参与结合、守护自由权利与保证安全秩序平衡、实施应急管理与贯彻依法治理并举,这也是风险社会中国家治理的辩证法。In a sense,all social forms in all the periods of human history are risk society of certain kind.In modern society,“traditional risks”still exist,and may even become the most threatening type of risks in certain periods and stages.In a risky society,on the one hand,traditional risks and modern risks coexist;on the other hand,they may show the characteristics of time lag,sudden onset and transcendence,as well as people's panic when facing risks,which puts forward higher requirements on national governance capabilities.To improve the effectiveness of state governance and effectively reduce and resolve risks,five pairs of contradictions must be handled well.To be specific,state governance must enhance the awareness of risks and actively turn crises into opportunities,adhere to scientific rationality and focus on value care,strengthen state capabilities and support citizen participation,safeguard the balance of freedom and guarantee safety and order,and implement emergency management combined with governance according to law,which are the dialectics of state governance in a risk society.

关 键 词：风险社会 国家治理 科学理性 国家能力 安全秩序 应急管理 

分 类 号：D616[政治法律—中外政治制度]