油菜秸秆还田养分释放率及对玉米产量的影响  

Effect of Straw Returnon Nutrient Release Rate and Maize Yield With Rotation of Rape-Maize

作　　者：何川 杨勤[2] 蒲全波 陈岩 杨云 王鹏 金容 郑祖平 夏清清 HE Chuan;YANG Qin;PU Quanbo;CHEN Yan;YANG Yun;WANG Peng;JIN Rong;ZHENG Zuping;XIA Qingqing(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong Sichuan 637000,China;Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000 [2]四川省农业科学院,成都610000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2020年第6期18-21,共4页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“南方山地玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018 YFD 0200700);国家玉米产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-02)。

摘　　要：以油菜秸秆为研究对象,通过土壤耕作与秸秆还田试验,探讨丘陵区适宜的秸秆还田方式。在四川南充设置田间试验,采用尼龙网袋法研究免耕覆盖、旋耕还田和秸秆粉碎、整秆还田共4种方式下秸秆腐解率和氮磷钾养分释放率,分析秸秆还田方式对耕层土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,秸秆粉碎后混土还田降解速度最快,可以有效地将秸秆养分释放回土壤中;随着时间的变化,N、P 2O 5、K 2O、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量均有下降趋势,秸秆粉碎旋耕混耙还田的养分释放率和秸秆腐解率最高,且显著高于其他处理(p<0.05),秸秆养分释放规律为K 2O最高,秸秆粉碎+旋耕还田处理的秸秆释放出85%以上的钾素,在大面积生产上钾素肥料施用量应减少,以此提高钾肥利用率。根据秸秆腐解后养分释放情况分析,秸秆粉碎加旋耕还田是适宜的秸秆还田模式。Through soil tillage and straw field return experiment,the suitable straw return method in hilly area was discussed with rape straw as the research object.A field experiment was set up in Nanchong of Sichuan province to analyze the effect of straw returning to the field on the nutrient content of the topsoil.The nylon net bag method was used to study the rate of straw decomposition and the release rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients under the four methods of no-till mulch,rotary tillage and straw crushing,and whole straw returning.The results showed that after straw crushing,the soil returns to the soil with the fastest degradation rate,which effectively released the nutrients of straw back into the soil.With time,the contents of N,P 2O 5,K 2O,cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin were all in the downward trend,the nutrient release rate and straw decay rate of the straw crushing and rotary tillage mixed rake return to the field were the highest,and were significantly higher than other treatments(p<0.05).The release rate of straw nutrients were the highest K 2O,and more than 85%of potassium was released by rotary tillage treatment.The amount of potassium fertilizer application or the application time should be reduced in production to improve the efficiency of potassium fertilizer utilization.From the analysis of the decomposition of straw and the effect of soil fertilization,straw crushing and rotary tillage were the suitable models for straw return.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 耕作方式 秸秆腐解率 养分释放 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]