不同改水方式对西安市50个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区村儿童氟斑牙的影响  

Effect of different water-improving methods on dental fluorosis of children in 50 drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas in Xi'an City

作　　者：董璐[1] 陈伟[1] 姚培杰[1] 时学花[1] 何姗姗[1] 李平[1] 王勇 Dong Lu;Chen Wei;Yao Peijie;Shi Xuehua;He Shanshan;Li Ping;Wang Yong(Department of Endemic Disease,Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心地方病科,710054

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2021年第1期36-39,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划(2018SF-112)。

摘　　要：目的了解不同改水方式对西安市饮水型地方性氟中毒(简称饮水型氟中毒)病区村8~12岁儿童氟斑牙病情的影响,为制订精细化防治措施提供依据。方法2018年,在西安市选择改水时间为2011-2013年的50个饮水型氟中毒病区村作为调查点,调查病区村改水情况、改水方式、水氟含量以及8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况,并与改水前病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率进行比较。结果50个病区村改水工程均正常运转。市政供水、低氟井、除氟处理病区村分别为12、24、14个,水氟含量中位数分别为0.31、0.88和1.14 mg/L,不同改水方式间比较差异有统计学意义(H=75.54,P<0.01)。3种改水方式病区村水氟含量合格率分别为100.00%(12/12)、79.17%(19/24)和57.14%(8/14),不同改水方式间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.95,P<0.05)。11个水氟含量超标村,儿童氟斑牙检出率为43.17%(218/505);39个水氟含量合格村,儿童氟斑牙检出率为20.77%(331/1594),二者比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=99.66,P<0.01)。改水后50个病区村儿童氟斑牙总检出率(26.16%,549/2099)较改水前(41.66%,959/2302)降低(χ^2=117.17,P<0.01)。其中市政供水和低氟井病区村改水前后儿童氟斑牙检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=74.37、69.36,P均<0.01);除氟处理病区村改水后儿童氟斑牙检出率较改水前降低,但差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.78,P>0.05)。不同改水方式病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=72.79,P<0.01)。除氟处理病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率[39.53%(200/506)]高于市政供水和低氟井病区村[17.97%(133/740)、25.32%(216/853),P均<0.017],市政供水病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率低于低氟井病区村(P<0.017)。结论改水后西安市儿童氟斑牙病情总体得到了有效控制,饮水除氟处理的部分病区村水氟含量及儿童氟斑牙检出率仍较高,需尽快进一步改水或提升改水效果。Objective To evaluate the effect of different water-improving methods on dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas in Xi'an City,and provide basis for making fine prevention and control measures.Methods In 2018,50 drinking-water-borne fluorosis villages in Xi'an City with water improvement time from 2011 to 2013 were selected as survey sites.The condition and the way of water improvement were surveyed,water fluoride content was determined and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 was examined,and the rates of dental fluorosis were compared before and after the water improvement in the 50 villages.Results The water-improving projects were in normal operation in 50 villages.The medians of water fluoride content were 0.31,0.88 and 1.14 mg/L in villages with municipal water supply,low fluorine well and defluoridation treatment water supply(the villages of different water-improvement methods were 12,24 and 14,respectively),the differences were statistically significant(H=75.54,P<0.01).The qualification rates of water fluoride in villages with different water-improvement methods were 100.00%(12/12),79.17%(19/24)and 57.14%(8/14),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=6.95,P<0.05).The detection rate of dental fluorosis was 43.17%(218/505)in the 11 villages with excessive water fluoride content,and the detection rate was 20.77%(331/1594)in the 39 villages with qualified water fluoride content,the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=99.66,P<0.01).After water improvement,the total detection rate of dental fluorosis(26.16%,549/2099)in the 50 villages was lower than that before water improvement(41.66%,959/2302),the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=117.17,P<0.01).The detection rates of dental fluorosis were reduced after the water improvement in villages with municipal water supply and low fluorine well,the differences were statistically significant(χ^2=74.37,69.36,P<0.01).The detection rate was declined after water improvemen

关 键 词：儿童 氟中毒 牙 饮水 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]