聚天门冬氨酸尿素对水稻产量及田面水氮素变化的综合影响  

Effects of polyaspartic acid urea on rice yield and nitrogen concentrations in paddy field ponding water

作　　者：王娜[1] 徐嘉翼 张鑫[1] 隋世江[1] 叶鑫[1] 牛世伟[1] WANG Na;XU Jia-yi;ZHANG Xin;SUI Shi-jiang;YE Xin;NIU Shi-wei(Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2021年第1期96-103,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800506,2016YFD0800504);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2019416031)。

摘　　要：为探究聚天门冬氨酸(PASP)尿素对水稻产量及田面水氮素变化的综合影响,以聚天门冬氨酸钙盐(PASP-Ca)与尿素复配为供试材料,通过水稻大田试验研究基于减量施氮下PASP-Ca尿素对水稻生长、氮吸收利用及田面水氮素浓度变化的影响,并利用灰色关联度法评价PASP-Ca尿素的控污效果。结果表明,与常规施氮量处理相比,减量施氮处理降低了水稻田面水氮素浓度,尤其在施基肥、蘖肥后第1 d,田面水总氮(TN)浓度降低了12.70%、17.23%。减量施氮后,水稻产量增加了0.78%、氮累积吸收量增加了0.39%,氮肥表观利用率提高了9.35个百分点,差异不显著。减量施氮处理满足了水稻生长的养分需求,节约了氮肥,保证了水稻稳产。与常规尿素处理相比,减量施氮下各PASP-Ca尿素处理降低了田面水氮素浓度,尤其施基肥1~7 d内,基、蘖肥和穗肥施氮比例50%、30%和20%处理的田面水铵态氮(NH+4-N)浓度降低了24.94%~68.66%,其中第5、7 d显著降低。施蘖肥1~7 d内,基、蘖肥施氮比例80%、20%处理的田面水NH+4-N浓度降低了2.72%~51.30%。施用PASP-Ca尿素有利于水稻生长、养分吸收及产量提高,使水稻产量增加了0.87%~7.27%,氮累积吸收量增加了7.05%~35.20%,氮肥表观利用率提高了6.11~30.26个百分点,其中基、蘖肥施氮比例80%、20%处理的籽粒氮吸收量显著增加了30.08%,秸秆氮吸收量显著增加了46.27%,氮肥表观利用率显著提高了30.26个百分点。综合评价水稻产量、氮吸收量、氮肥利用率以及田面水氮素浓度,减量施氮处理效果优于常规施氮量,减量施用PASP-Ca尿素处理效果优于常规尿素,且最佳基、蘖肥施氮比例为80%、20%。To investigate the effects of polyaspartic acid salt(PASP)urea on rice yield and nitrogen(N)concentrations in the ponding water of paddy fields,a field experiment was conducted.We determined the effects of PASP-Ca urea on rice growth,N-uptake and utilization,and N concentrations in paddy field ponding water.In addition,Grey Relational Analysis was used to evaluate the effects of PASP-Ca urea on water pollution.The results showed that N concentrations in the ponding water were lower in the reduced-N treatment test than they were in the conventional-N treatment test.In particular,TN concentrations were 12.70%and 17.23%lower in the reduced-N treatment test than in the control on the first day after basal fertilization and topdressing.The reduction of N application was beneficial to rice growth,with a 0.78%higher yield,0.39%higher cumulative N-uptake,and 9.35 percent points higher efficiency in N use(P>0.05).N concentrations in the field ponding water were lower with the PASP-Ca urea treatment than with the conventional urea treatment,with NH+4-N concentration decreasing by 24.94%~68.66%(N fertilization ratio of basal∶tillering∶panicle=5∶3∶2)and 2.72%~51.30%(N fertilization ratio of basal∶tillering=8∶2)with the PASP-Ca urea treatment during one week after basal fertilization.The application of PASP-Ca urea was beneficial to rice growth,nutrient absorption,and yield promotion,with a 0.87%~7.27%higher yield,a 7.05%~35.20%higher accumulated N-uptake,and a 6.11~30.26 percent points higher N use-efficiency,compared to the control.In particular,the PASPCa urea treatment,with a N fertilization ratio of 8∶2(basal∶tillering),enhanced N uptake in grain(30.08%),N absorption in straw(46.27%)and N use-efficiency(30.26 percent points).Considering rice yield,the N absorption rate of paddy field ponding water,and its resulting N concentration,the reduced-N treatment was more effective than the conventional-N treatment,and the PASP-Ca urea treatment was better than the treatment using conventional urea.Moreover,the op

关 键 词：聚天门冬氨酸/盐(PASP) 水稻产量 田面水氮素 灰色关联度法 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]