不同有机肥对烟田土壤和烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Tobacco Soil and Tobacco Leaf Quality

作　　者：郝浩浩 张翔[2] 邱岭军 李亮[2] 程培军 索炎炎[2] 司贤宗[2] HAO Haohao;ZHANG Xiang;QIU Lingjun;LI Liang;CHENG Peijun;SUO Yanyan;SI Xianzong(Zhumadian Tobacco Company,Zhumadian Henan 463000;Institute of Plant Nutrition Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002)

机构地区：[1]驻马店市烟草专卖局(公司),河南驻马店463000 [2]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2021年第2期1-4,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：驻马店市烟草公司科技项目“驻马店烤烟根区土壤质量评价及调控关键技术研究与示范”(2019411700200008)。

摘　　要：为探究施用不同有机肥对豫南连作植烟土壤的改良效果及对烟叶产质量的影响,采用田间对比试验,分析了生物有机肥、碳基有机肥、芝麻饼肥、商丘有机肥、邦禾有机肥对土壤微生物区系、烟株生长状况及烤后烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:不同有机肥处理能够显著促进烟株生长发育,施用邦禾有机肥的处理株高、茎围和叶面积与不施有机肥的对照相比,分别提高19.79%、12.50%、6.26%;增施有机肥能有效降低烟株TMV、CMV和PVY的发病率和病情指数,与不施有机肥的对照相比,施用邦禾有机肥的处理TMV、CMV和PVY发病率分别降低56.64%、71.05%、83.93%;施用邦禾有机肥的烟叶品质最佳且经济性状好,较不施有机肥的对照产量提升32.06%,产值增加21.41%,中上等烟率提升37.27%。由此表明,施用邦禾有机肥能有效改善烟田土壤特性,促进植株生长,显著提高烟叶产质量。In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil improvement of continuous cropping tobacco planting in southern Henan Province,and to evaluate the yield and quality of tobacco leaves,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer,carbon based organic fertilizer,sesame cake fertilizer,Shangqiu organic fertilizer and Banghe organic fertilizer on soil microbial flora,growth status of tobacco plants and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed by field comparative test.The results showed that different organic fertilizer treatments could significantly promote the growth and development of tobacco plants.The height,stem and leaf area of Banghe organic fertilizer increased by 19.79%,12.50%and 6.26%respectively compared with those without organic fertilizer.The addition of organic fertilizer could effectively reduce the incidence rate and disease index of TMV,CMV and PVY in tobacco plants,and compared with those without organic fertilizer,the application of Banghe organic fertilizer could decrease the incidence rate of TMV,CMV and PVY by 56.64%,71.05%and 83.93%,respectively.Compared with the control without organic fertilizer,the tobacco with Banghe organic fertilizer had the best quality and good economic characters,the yield increased by 32.06%,the output value increased by 21.41%,and the middle and upper tobacco rate increased by 37.27%.The results showed that the application of Banghe organic fertilizer could effectively improve soil characteristics,promote plant growth,and significantly improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烤烟 连作障碍 有机肥 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学] S156.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]