湘西北奶牛繁殖性能与繁殖疾病调查  

Investigation on reproductive performance and reproductive diseases of dairy cattle in Northwest Hunan

作　　者：李照洁 成钢[1] 韩庆[1] 成展仪 王京仁[1] 郭学军 Li Zhaojie;Cheng Gang;Han Qing;Cheng Zhanyi;Wang Jingren;Guo Xuejun(Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education,Agricultural Biological Macromolecule Research Center,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology for Important Aquatic Animal Diseases,Research Center on Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Dongting Lake Area,Institute of Animal Health Culture,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,China;Agricultural Economics Department of Changde Vocational and Technical College,Changde 415000,China;Yangguang No.1 Dairy Farm,Changde,415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院动物学湖南省高校重点实验室,湖南文理学院农业生物大分子研究中心,水生动物重要疫病分子免疫技术湖南省重点实验室,环洞庭湖生物资源保育与利用研究中心,湖南文理学院动物健康养殖研究所,湖南常德415000 [2]常德职业技术学院农经系,湖南常德415000 [3]湖南常德市阳光一牧奶牛场,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《湖南文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期42-45,共4页Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology)

基　　金：2020年怀化市科技特派员创新创业项目(2020NK4226);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(17A146)。

摘　　要：为了了解湘西北地区奶牛繁殖状况与繁殖性能,对常德地区某大型奶牛场700余头奶牛2017~2019年间的整体繁殖状况以及繁殖相关疾病进行调查,分析比较年度、月份、季节等因素对受胎率、产犊率等繁殖指标的影响。结果表明:该奶牛养殖场年平均受胎率、繁殖率分别为87.92%和83.26%;第一情期授胎率为47.37%,低于国内其他地区50%~60%的平均水平;受胎所需平均输精次数为1.94次,产犊间隔为427.36 d,高于国内其他地区410 d的平均水平;产犊主要集中在9~12月的秋冬季节,占总产犊率的53.87%;子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下平均每年占适繁奶牛数的19%和13%。这说明湘西北地区奶牛受胎率、产犊率等繁殖指标和整体繁殖性能接近国内平均水平,热应激和子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下等繁殖障碍疾病是影响湘西北奶牛繁殖性能的主要因素。In order to understand the reproductive status and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Northwest Hunan Province,the overall reproductive status and reproductive related diseases of more than 700 cows in a large dairy farm in Changde from 2017 to 2019 are investigated,and the effects of year,month,season and other factors on the fertility rate and calving rate are analyzed and compared.The results show that:the annual average conception rate and reproduction rate are 87.92%and 83.26%,respectively;the first estrus conception rate is 47.37%,which is lower than the average level of 50%~60%in other areas of China;the average number of insemination required for conception is 1.94,and the calving interval is 427.36 days,which is higher than the average level of 410 days in other regions of China;calving is mainly concentrated in autumn and winter from September to December,accounting for the total calving rate.Endometritis and retained fetal membranes are the main reproductive disorders affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows in this farm,accounting for 19%and 13%of the total number of cows suitable for breeding each year.The results show that the fertility rate,calving rate and other reproductive indexes and overall reproductive performance of dairy cows in Northwest Hunan are close to the domestic average level,and reproductive disorders such as heat stress and endometritis are the main factors affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cattle in Northwest Hunan.

关 键 词：湘西北 奶牛 繁殖性能 繁殖技术 繁殖障碍疾病 

分 类 号：S857.2+2[农业科学—临床兽医学]