基于有限单元法重载车辆驱动桥壳优化设计  

Optimization Design of Drive Axle Housing in Heavy-Duty Vehicle Based on Finite Element Method

作　　者：王雪梅[1] 薛振国[2] 刘玲玲[1] WANG Xue-mei;XUE Zhen-guo;LIU Ling-ling(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Zhengzhou Institute of Finance and Economics,He’nan Zhengzhou450000,China;Product Engineering Department of Technical Center,Zhengzhou Yutong Bus co.,LTD.,He’nan Zhengzhou450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州财经学院机电工程学院,河南郑州450000 [2]郑州宇通客车股份有限公司技术中心产品工程部,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2021年第1期240-244,249,共6页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(162102210330)。

摘　　要：驱动桥壳是重载车辆的最要承载结构,直接影响到整车的承载和使用寿命。针对某重载车辆驱动桥壳进行分析,采用分离体法,对驱动桥壳各单元进行受力分析;基于有限单元法对驱动桥壳的静力学、动力学特性进行分析,并对谐响应特性进行分析。驱动桥壳本体和半轴套管的部分应力远小于材料的许用应力;安装块与半轴套管间的焊接处出现了局部应力过大的情况;低阶固有频率和振型以及引起大幅共振的危险频率。通过材料优化和螺栓联接代替焊接等,对驱动桥壳进行结构优化设计。采用试验台对改进后驱动桥壳各部分应力情况和疲劳寿命进行分析,结果可知:改进后的桥壳质量减轻11%,并且有良好的动态特性;螺栓联接代替焊接方案,可有效改善两种材料焊接易引发的焊接缺陷,螺栓强度满足要求,桥壳的疲劳寿命达到69.7万次,满足使用要求。分析方法和分析结果为同类设计提供参考。The drive axle housing is the most important bearing structure of heavy-duty vehicles,which directly affects the bearing capacity and service life of the entire vehicle.According to the analysis and research of a heavy-duty vehicle drive axle housing,the force separation analysis of each unit of the drive axle housing is carried out by the separation method.The static and dynamic characteristics of the drive axle housing are analyzed based on the finite element method,and the harmonic response characteristics are analyzed.The partial stress of the drive axle housing body and the half shaft sleeve is much smaller than the allowable stress of the material.The welding between the mounting block and the half-axis casing shows excessive local stress.Low-order natural frequencies and modes and dangerous frequencies can cause large resonances.The drive axle housing is optimized for structural design by means of material optimization and bolting instead of welding.The test bench is used to analyze the stress and fatigue life of various parts of the improved drive axle housing.The results show that the improved axle housing is 11%lighter and has good dynamic properties.The welding scheme is replaced by bolted joints,which can effectively improve the welding defects easily caused by welding of two materials.The bolt strength meets the requirements,and the fatigue life of the axle housing reaches 697,000 times,which meets the requirements for use.Analytical methods and analytical results provide reference for similar designs.

关 键 词：重载汽车 驱动桥壳 静态分析 动态分析 谐响应分析 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U469.4[机械工程—车辆工程]