蓄水坑灌下不同灌水上限对苹果树吸水根系和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Upper Limit on Water-absorbing Root System and Yield of Apple Trees Under Water Storage Pit Irrigation

作　　者：张威贤 孙西欢[1] 马娟娟[1] 郭向红[1] 孟玮[1] 孙瑞峰 赵文渊 ZHANG Wei-xian;SUN Xi-huan;MA Juan-juan;GUO Xiang-hong;MENG Wei;SUN Rui-feng;ZHAO Wen-yuan(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第1期53-59,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579168);山西省自然科学基金项目(201601D011053)。

摘　　要：为了探究蓄水坑灌下不同灌水上限对苹果树吸水根系、产量和灌溉水利用率的影响,以12 a生矮砧红富士苹果树为研究对象,设置3个灌水处理(灌水下限均为田持的60%,蓄水坑灌处理T1、T2的灌水上限分别为田持的100%和80%,地面灌溉处理CK的灌水上限为田持的80%),对全生育期果树吸水根系根长密度、根表面积密度以及果实产量进行测定。结果表明:各处理吸水根系均随着土层深度的增加呈现先增大后减少的趋势,大小整体表现为:T1>T2>CK。CK处理吸水根系主要集中在0~60 cm土层,不同生育期根长密度和根表面积密度分别占整个吸水根系根长密度和根表面积密度的82.1%~85.3%和82.1%~86.3%;T1和T2处理主要分布在20~80 cm土层,其中不同生育期根长密度分别占整个吸水根系根长密度的66.3%~74.3%和67.3%~78.1%,根表面积密度分别占整个吸水根系根表面积密度的65.7%~73.5%和67.3%~78.4%。CK处理灌水量比T2处理多25%但减产4.55%,并且灌溉水利用率显著小于T1和T2处理。T2处理灌水量比T1处理少33.33%,但产量仅减少8.82%,且灌溉水利用率显著大于T1处理。综合对比可知,T2是本试验最优处理,蓄水坑灌法能诱导果树根系生长和深扎,降低灌水上限能够达到节水稳产的目的。In order to explore the effects of different irrigation upper limit on the water absorption root system,yield and irrigation water utilization rate of apple trees,taking twelve-year-old dwarf red Fuji apple trees as the research object,three irrigation treatments were set(the irrigation limit was 60%of field water holding capacity,and the upper limit of irrigation T1 and T2 were 100%and 80%of field water holding capacity respectively,The upper limit of irrigation of CK for surface irrigation treatment was 80%of field water holding capacity),the root length density,root surface area density and fruit yield of the water-absorbing root system of fruit trees during the whole growth period were measured.The results showed that the water-absorbing roots of each treatment showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of soil depth,and the overall size showed T1>T2>CK.The water-absorbing roots of CK treatment were mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 0~60 cm,and the root length density and root surface area density at different growth stages accounted for 82.1%~85.3%and 82.1%~86.3%of the entire water-absorbent root system root length density and root surface area density respectively;T1 and T2 treatments were mainly distributed in the 20~80 cm soil layer. The root length density of different growth stages accounted for 66.3%~74.3%and 67.3%~78.1% of the entire water-absorbing root system, and the root surface area density accounted for 65.7%~73.5% and 67.3%~78.4% of the entire water-absorbing root system, respectively. The amount of irrigation water in CK treatment was 25% more than that in T2treatment but the yield was reduced by 4.55%, and the utilization rate of irrigation water was significantly smaller than that in T1 and T2treatments. The amount of irrigation water in T2 treatment was 33.33% less than that in T1 treatment, but the yield was only reduced by8.82%, and the irrigation water utilization rate was significantly greater than that in T1 treatment. A comprehensive comparison sho

关 键 词：蓄水坑灌 灌水上限 根长密度 根表面积密度 产量 灌溉水利用率 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]