施肥方式和施氮量对枸杞微孔陶瓷根灌土壤水氮分布的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Methods and Nitrogen Content Application on Soil Water and Nitrogen Distribution Under Microporous Ceramic Root Irrigation of Lycium barbarum

作　　者：韩梦雪 张林[2] HAN Meng-xue;ZHANG Lin(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第1期60-64,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403605);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02006)。

摘　　要：为探索适用于微孔陶瓷根灌水肥一体化的高效水氮模式,以青海柴达木地区枸杞为对象,研究了微孔陶瓷根灌条件下不同施肥方式和施氮量对土壤含水率、土壤硝态氮含量和枸杞产量的影响。结果表明:在灌水量相同情况下,微孔陶瓷根灌的湿润体与枸杞根系的高密度区匹配较好,在降低渗漏损失的同时有利于根系吸水。在施氮量相同情况下,微孔陶瓷根灌穴施施肥和微孔陶瓷根灌水肥一体化处理分别较地表滴灌处理增产20.3%、10.9%;微孔陶瓷根灌水肥一体化进行减氮处理时,中氮和低氮下的土壤硝态氮量分布更均匀,氮肥利用效率更高,但减氮处理会降低土壤硝态氮的含量,影响枸杞产果,中氮和低氮处理的产量分别为高氮处理产量的87.7%和79.7%。因此,枸杞微孔陶瓷根灌时,建议采用穴施施肥方式,施氮量为390 kg/hm2,这样有利于枸杞获得较高的产量。In order to explore a high-efficiency water and nitrogen model suitable for the microporous ceramic root irrigation,the Lycium barbarum in Chaidamu of Qinghai province was selected as research object,the effects of different fertilization methods and nitrogen levels on soil moisture content,soil nitrate nitrogen content and Lycium barbarum yield under microporous ceramic root irrigation were studied.The results showed that under the same irrigation amount of water,the wetting body of microporous ceramic root irrigation was well matched with the high-density area of Lycium barbarum root,which was beneficial to water absorption of root system while reducing leakage loss.Under the condition of the same amount of nitrogen application,the yield was increased by 20.3%and 10.9%,respectively,compared with that of surface drip irrigation.When N reduction treatment was integrated with water and fertilizer for micro-porous ceramic roots,the soil nitrate nitrogen content was more evenly distributed and the utilization efficiency of N fertilizer was higher under medium and low N treatment.However,N reduction treatment would reduce the soil nitrate nitrogen content and affect the fruit production of Lycium barbarum.The yields of N reduction treatment and low N treatment were 87.7%and 79.7%of those under high N treatment,respectively.Therefore,when Lycium barbarum microporous ceramic root irrigation is performed,it is recommended to apply fertilizer in caves with a nitrogen rate of 390 kg/hm2,which is conducive to higher yield of Lycium barbarum.

关 键 词：微孔陶瓷根灌 枸杞 土壤水氮分布 施肥方式 土壤含水率 硝态氮 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]