北疆地区棉花生育期需水量变化特征及成因分析  

Variation Characteristic of Water Requirement during Cotton Growing Period and Its Cause in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：卡力比尔·买买提 巴特尔·巴克 祁嘉郁 Kalbinur Mamat;Batur Bake;QI Jia-yu(College of Grass Industry and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第1期81-85,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家国际科技合作计划项目(2010DFA92720-13)。

摘　　要：探讨北疆地区棉花生育期需水量和灌溉需水量的变化趋势进而分析了变化趋势与气象因子的关系。选用北疆26个气象站1961-2016年的逐日气象数据,参考作物蒸散量计算方法和相关作物系数,计算北疆棉花56 a来的作物需水量和灌溉需水量,并分析了对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近56 a北疆地区棉花需水量和灌溉需水量都呈下降趋势,尤其是花铃期下降趋势很显著,气候倾向率依次为-0.635、-0.643 mm/a;棉花花铃期平均需水量为305.02 mm,灌溉需水量平均值为289.95 mm。气象因子与棉花各生育期作物需水量和灌溉需水量相关,其中,降雨对灌溉需水量的影响最大。从气候变化来看,北疆地区棉花作物需要水量呈减少趋势,随着降雨量的增加,灌溉需水量也呈减少趋势。In order to explore the change trend of water requirement during cotton growing period and irrigation water demand in Northern Xinjiang and then to analyze the relationship between the change trend and meteorological factors,based on the daily meteorological data of 26 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2016 in Northern Xinjiang,the crop water demand and irrigation water demand in the past 56 years were calculated by referring to the calculation method of crop evapotranspiration and related crop coefficients,and the response to climate change was also analyzed.The results showed that:in recent 56 years,the cotton water demand and irrigation water demand in Northern Xinjiang showed a downward trend,especially in the flowering and boll stage,and the climate change rate was-0.635 mm/a and-0.643 mm/a;The average water demand of cotton in flowering and boll stage was 305.02 mm,and the average irrigation water demand was 289.95 mm.Meteorological factors were related to crop water demand and irrigation water demand in each growing period of cotton.Among meteorological factors,rainfall had the greatest impact on irrigation water demand.From the perspective of climate change,the water demand of cotton crops in Northern Xinjiang showed a decreasing trend.With the increase of rainfall,irrigation water demand also showed a decreasing trend.

关 键 词：气候变化 棉花 作物需水量 灌溉需水量 气象因子 北疆地区 

分 类 号：S276.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]