微小型五轴数控机床的研制  

Development of a Micro Five-axis Machine Tool

作　　者：石梓皓 孔桂珍 刘会英[1] 孙有琛 王延深[1] SHI Zi-hao;KONG Gui-zhen;LIU Hui-ying;SUN You-chen;WANG Yan-shen(Department of Mechanical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai Shandong 264209,China;Beijing Experimental Factory Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学(威海)机械工程系,山东威海264209 [2]北京实验工厂有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2021年第1期128-130,134,共4页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”国家科技重大专项(2019ZX04021001);国家自然科学基金项目(51875136);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017MEE044)。

摘　　要：为了满足微小复杂结构件的加工需要和机床误差补偿技术的研究,研制了一台微小型五轴数控机床实验平台,本体尺寸为580 mm×450 mm×570 mm。机床实验平台为卧式双转台结构,布局紧凑,空间利用率高,各轴采用了直线电机、直驱马达、丝杠滑台驱动方式。分析了机床的主要薄弱环节,并进行了受力分析和优化设计,仿真结果表明机床变形量由原来的69.323μm减小为2.686μm,得到了显著的改善。对机床进行了模态仿真,分析机床前四阶振型变形规律,为机床弱刚度变形误差补偿提供了参考依据。对加工刀路进行了规划和模拟,完成了铝合金棒料的加工实验。实验结果表明机床具有较好的加工能力,并验证了加工刀路规划的正确性。In order to perform machining of micro complex structure and error compensation of machine,a five-axis micro machine tool was developed,which is in size of 580 mm×450 mm×570 mm.The machine tool has a double turntable structure.And its five axis are driven by linear motor,direct drive motor and lead screw slide respectively.The main weakness of the machine tool is found through stress analysis.Then,optimization design are carried out to reduce deformation.Simulation results show that deformation of the machine tool is reduced sharply from 69.323μm to 2.686μm.Modal simulation of the machine tool is also carried out,and the deformation law of each vibration mode is analyzed.Tool path is planned and simulated,and the machining experiment of aluminum alloy bar is completed for error compensation.Experimental results show that the machine tool is capable of aluminum alloy machining,and verify the correctness of machining tool path planning.

关 键 词：微小型机床 模态分析 优化设计 加工仿真 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TG65[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]