东北垄作区耦合仿生镇压轮设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Coupled Bionic Press Wheel in Ridge Cultivation Area in Northeast China

作　　者：毕世英[1] 刘伟达 郭丽君 Bi Shiying;Liu Weida;Guo Lijun(Weifang University, College of Electrical, Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Weifang 261061, China;Weichai Power Co.Ltd., Weifang 261061, China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊学院机电与车辆工程学院,山东潍坊261061 [2]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261061

出　　处：《农机化研究》2021年第4期134-140,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51505337);山东省高等学校科技计划项目(J17KA150)。

摘　　要：针对东北垄作地区春播时风大、雨少、温度高等造成的土壤水分蒸发快、缺苗严重等现象,借鉴现有镇压方式对种子周围土壤的压实研究,以蜗牛和扇贝触土外凸曲面为仿生对象,设计了耦合仿生镇压轮。耦合仿生镇压轮可以从两侧挤压土壤,使湿润的土壤压缩,保持土壤含水率和土壤温度,促进种子生长。采用耦合仿生方法,提取了蜗牛触土横面外凸曲线与扇贝纵向横面外凸曲线,在AutoCAD中对曲面逆向重构,获得轮子表面的凸包体,并遵循横向受力均匀和径向等间隔的原则,将凸包体排列在镇压轮表面,设计了耦合仿生镇压轮。离散元仿真试验结果表明:耦合仿生镇压轮作业时无明显壅土现象,耕作阻力较传统刚性镇压轮降低了8.7%。田间试验结果表明:相比于传统刚性镇压轮,耦合仿生镇压轮作业后平均土壤硬度增加17.7%,土壤含水率增加15.15%,土壤温度升高15.4%,出苗率提高2.9%,出苗时间平均缩短1.68天,耦合仿生镇压轮结构合理,作业性能优良。In northeast China,it is always windy,rainless and hot in spring.These not only speed up the evaporation of soil moisture,but cause the seeding shortage.According to the existent research on the soil compaction made by different kinds of press,this paper made the outside convex shells of the snail and scallop as the bionic objects to design the coupling biomimetic suppress wheel.Coupling biomimetic suppress wheel can compress soil from both sides,so the wet soil can also be compressed.In this way,the soil moisture and the soil temperature can be kept to accelerate the growth of the seed.Bionic coupling method was used to extract the curve of the snail’s and scallop’s outside convex shells.The convex inclusions on the surface of the wheel were got from the reverse reconstruction for the surface in Auto CAD.And then follow the principle of uniform transverse force and equal radial spacing to place the convex inclusions on the surface of the suppress wheel,so the coupling biomimetic suppress wheel can be got.The result of the discrete element method shows that compared to the traditional suppress wheel,the coupling biomimetic suppress wheel decreased the tillage resistance by 8.7%.The field test shows that compared to the operation by traditional suppress wheel,the coupling biomimetic suppress wheel made the soil hardness increase by 17.7%,the soil moisture increase by 15.15%,the soil temperature increase by 15.4%and the average emergence time shorten by 1.68 days.Through the result it can be known that the structure of the designed coupling biomimetic suppress wheel is reasonable and it has good performance.

关 键 词：镇压轮 耦合仿生 离散元法 东北垄作区 

分 类 号：S222.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S223.2[农业科学—农业工程]