剧场观众厅火灾烟气运动特性的仿真分析  

Simulation Analysis on Motion Characteristics of Fire Smoke in Audience Hall of Theaters

作　　者：张红虎[1] 邓茜芮 刘斌 叶晖[2] 吴珂[1] ZHANG Honghu;DENG Xirui;LIU Bin;YE Hui;WU Ke(College of Civil Engineer and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;Department of Education and Research, 95979 Unit of PLA, Tai'an 271207, Shandong, China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]中国人民解放军95979部队教研部,山东泰安271207

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第12期72-81,共10页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部“十三五”重点研发计划专项课题(2017YFC0702504);浙江省重点研发项目(2018C03029);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY19E080028)。

摘　　要：为完善对剧场观众厅火灾特性的认识,并为厅内机械排烟设计提供技术参考依据,以杭州东坡大剧院为研究对象,采用CFD(计算流体动力学)方法对剧场观众厅的典型火灾场景进行仿真,获得了烟气的发展过程、烟气浓度和温度分布对人员疏散的影响,以及不同排烟方式下排烟效果的仿真数据,并进行了分析。研究结果表明:厅内烟气流动过程为“向上抬升-顶棚射流-动力下沉”,烟气运动会受到排烟方式的影响;与顶棚中心排烟相比,侧向排烟具有更好的排烟效果,其对不同火源位置的包容性较高;对于二层楼座下方火源位置,常规排烟方式所达效果弱于其他火源位置;排烟速度与排烟量不变时,存在单个排烟口面积与排烟口数量的最佳组合,使排烟效率达到最高值。A typical fire scenario in Hangzhou Dongpo grand theatre was simulated with the CFD(computational fluid dynamics)technique,in order to improve the understanding on the fire behavior in the theater audience hall and provide technical references for mechanical smoke exhaust design.The study analyzed the effect of the development of the smoke,the effect of the smoke concentration and temperature distribution on the audience evacuation,and obtained the data about the performances of the smoke exhaust with different methods.The study shows that smoke flow inside the hall develops with a process of“lift up-ceiling jet-sink down”,affected by mechanical exhaust methods.Compared with the exhaust outlets set on the center of the ceiling,the exhaust outlets set on the side walls show a better smoke exhaust performance due to their higher adaptability to variety of fire source locations.When the fire sources are under the auditorium balcony,smoke cannot be effectively discharged by the common smoke exhaust system.For the same smoke exhaust velocity and smoke outlet volume,there is an optimal combination of the single outlet area and the number of the outlets to reach the highest smoke discharge efficiency.

关 键 词：剧场观众厅 机械排烟 烟气流动 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU18[建筑科学—建筑理论]