法官员额制改革及其对国家监察官制度的启示  

The Quota System of Judges and Its Enlightenment to the Personnel Management System of the National Supervision Officers

作　　者：薛彤彤[1] 任建明[1] Xue Tongtong;Ren Jianming(不详)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100191

出　　处：《河南社会科学》2021年第1期68-75,共8页Henan Social Sciences

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金项目“深化党的纪律检查体制改革的理论与方案研究”(19BDJ018)。

摘　　要：监察官的专业能力是决定其履职效果的关键因素。我国公务员制度自建立以来,在人事管理制度上选择的一直是行政化模式。与行政化模式相对应的则是专业化模式。我国早在1995年就颁布实施法官法,但受传统制度影响,长期以来法官管理采取的也是行政化模式。党的十八大后,法院系统实行了员额制改革,即改用专业化模式。我国法官制度的曲折演进及最终走向专业化,对建立国家监察官制度有两点重要启示:第一,国家监察官制度一定要第一时间走专业化的新路;第二,在具体措施上可以部分借鉴法官员额制改革的经验,包括对全体人员实行分类管理,在此基础上建立起单独的监察官专业序列等。由于专业特点、专业化发展阶段不同,在建立专业监察官制度的过程中,不能完全照搬法官员额制。比如,反腐和监督工作所需人才专业口径很宽,而不只是法律一个方面;相比于员额法官,专业监察官的比例应当更高;建立专门的廉政学科和开展专业培训也十分必要。The professionalization of the national supervision officers is an important factor affecting their performance.Since the establishment of civil servant system,the executive-led personnel management system had been adopted.Another mode is professional-oriented.Judges in China had been long managed by the executive-led personnel management system.After Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the reform of judges’personnel management system was carried out,and its essence is to embark on the professional-oriented mode.The tortuous evolution of judges’personnel management system and the final initiation of professional reform bring two important implications to management of the national supervision officers.Firstly,personnel management system of national supervision officers should develop in the direction of specialization from the very beginning.Secondly,the concrete measures of the quota system for judges can be used,including the personnel classification,the independent position sequence,a competency and performance-oriented selection and promotion system,sufficient powers,an incentive salary system,a professional-oriented enrollment system and a career security mechanism.Because of the difference between the supervision commission and court,it is not appropriate to completely copy the quota system of judges to establish a professionalized national supervision officers management system,which should have its own characteristics.For example,many different types of professionals are needed for anti-corruption and supervision;the proportion of professional supervisors should be much higher than that of judges;it is also necessary to establish a special discipline of anti-corruption and conduct professional training.

关 键 词：国家监察官 监察官制度 法官员额制 专业化 

分 类 号：D630.3[政治法律—中外政治制度]