关于密立根油滴实验数据处理的新探讨  

New discussion on data processing of Millikan oil-drop experiment

作　　者：郑雪丽[1] 李巧梅[1] 汪涛[1] 韩忠[1] 雷迪 ZHENG Xue-li;LI Qiao-mei;WANG Tao;HAN Zhong;LEI Di(College of Physics,Chongqing University,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education,Chongqing 401331,China;College of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学物理学院物理国家级实验教学示范中心,重庆401331 [2]重庆大学航空航天学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《大学物理》2021年第2期32-35,共4页College Physics

基　　金：2019年重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目(193008);2018年重庆大学教学改革研究立项项目(2018Y55);2019年重庆大学实验教学改革项目(2019S08)资助。

摘　　要：密立根油滴实验是大学物理的经典实验,通过处理实验测量数据即可得出基本电荷量.各高校开展实验的方法基本相同,但处理实验数据的方法却各式各样.为了减小因数据处理带来的误差,提出多种方法结合处理数据,即在作图法的基础上增加分组法和最小二乘法处理数据,结果显示误差明显减小.通过5个教学班的试验教学,验证了文中观点的可行性,并取得了良好的效果,可在实际教学中应用推广.The Millikan oil-drop experiment is one of the classic experiments in university physics,and the elementary charge can be calculated by experimental data processing.The experimental methods used by each university are basically identical,but the experimental data processing methods are various.The data processing combined with multiple methods is put forward to reduce the error caused by the data processing method,in which the data is pre-processed by grouping and processed by the least square method based on graphic method and the result shows that the error is significantly reduced.The ideas in this paper confirmed by five teaching classes are feasible and valid,which can be applied and promoted in actual teaching.

关 键 词：密立根油滴实验 减小误差 作图法 

分 类 号：O4-33[理学—物理]