鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑砂浆退化现状分析及修复技术探讨  

Analysis of Mortar Deterioration of the Historical Buildings in Kulangsu and Discussion on Restoration Technology

作　　者：胡红梅[1] 刘涛 吴琪昕 HU Hongmei;LIU Tao;WU Qixin(School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第2期2026-2031,共6页Materials Reports

摘　　要：通过实地调研与取样,研究分析鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑砂浆的现状与性能退化原因。结果表明:鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑多由石灰基砂浆砌筑而成,其中大部分为石灰黏土混合砂浆,少部分为石灰砂浆,现已普遍出现开裂、发霉发黑、渗水、风化剥落等严重退化。长期遭受海风、盐雾的侵蚀和高温、高湿等多种破坏因素的交互作用是加剧石灰基砂浆性能退化的外部原因,且距离海岸线越近,破坏越严重。而石灰的气硬性属性和石灰与黏土、石英砂之间的低火山灰反应程度,是导致石灰基砂浆自身强度及其与砌体之间的粘结强度低且耐久性差的内在原因。基于“原材料、原工艺,最小干预”的古建筑修复原则,提出在传统壳灰砂浆中加入活性硅铝质材料,通过改性技术将气硬性壳灰转变为同时兼具水硬性与气硬性的改性壳灰,用改性壳灰砂浆置换退化砂浆的砌体结构置换补强修复技术。The current situation of Kulangsu historical architectural mortar and the reasons for its performance degradation were studied and analyzed through field researching and sampling analyzing.The results show that the historic buildings in Kulangsu are mostly made of lime-based mortar,most of which are lime clay mixed mortar and a few are lime mortar,and serious degradation such as cracking,mildew,water seepage,weathering and spalling has been widespread.The external causes of the deterioration of lime-based mortar performance are the long-term effect of sea wind and salt fog erosion and the combination of high temperature,high humidity and other destruction factors.The closer the buildings are to the coastline,the more severe the damage is.The gas-hardness property of lime and the low pozzolanic reaction among lime,clay and quartz sand are the inherent factors resulting in the low compressive and flexural strength of the lime-based mortar itself,the low bonding strength between the base block and it,and its poor durability.Under the guidance of the“raw materials,original process,and minimum intervention”principle of the rehabilitation of historical buildings,the restoration method of using modified shell ash mortar as reinforcing material is put forward.This method is to add active silicon(aluminum)material to the traditional shell ash mortar through modification technology so that the gas hard shell ash can be transformed into a cementitious material which can possess both hydraulic and gas hardness,and then use this modified lime mortar as a reinforcement material to replace the deteriorated mortar construction so as to complete the restoration.

关 键 词：鼓浪屿历史风貌建筑 砂浆 退化 修复 

分 类 号：TU36[建筑科学—结构工程]