CO2加富对甜瓜叶片全生命周期光合作用的影响  

Effect of CO2 Enrichment on Photosynthesis of Melon Leaves in a Life Cycle

作　　者：李甜 张志鹏 侯雷平[1,2,3] 孙胜 邢国明[1,2,3] LI Tian;ZHANG Zhipeng;HOU Leiping;SUN Sheng;XING Guoming(College of horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Shanxi Provincial Facilities Vegetable Quality Improvement and Efficiency Synergy Innovation Center,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China;Shanxi Provincial Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Center,Taigu,Shanxi 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省设施蔬菜提质增效协同创新中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西省设施园艺工程技术中心,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2020年第11期1198-1206,共9页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省煤基重点科技攻关项目(FT201402-08);山西省重点研发专项(201703D211001-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示甜瓜叶片整个生命周期光合作用的变化过程,确定CO2施肥的最适浓度,初步揭示CO2施肥对甜瓜叶片净光合效率提高的原理,为甜瓜CO2精准施肥以及对吊蔓生长的甜瓜整枝打叶提供理论依据。【方法】以芝麻蜜甜瓜品种浪潮为研究对象,设置4个CO2浓度梯度:CK(400±12)、T1(800±24)、T2(1200±36)、T3(1600±48)μmol·mol^-1。测定施肥后甜瓜叶片整个生育期(5、15、25、35、45 d叶龄)的叶绿素含量、光合作用相关参数、叶绿素荧光相关参数的变化。【结果】在25 d叶龄时,甜瓜叶片的光合作用达到最大值,T2、T3净光合速率比CK提高51.3%、45.7%,水分利用效率提高58.0%、114.0%,调节性能量耗散的量子产额Y(NPQ)减小7.1%、11.0%,降低非光化学淬灭系数qN 5.8%、6.2%;T3增加光化学淬灭系数qP 3.9%。在叶片衰老之后(即45 d叶龄),CK浓度下叶片净光合速率只有最高点的19.2%,但CO2加富处理的叶片仍然有较高的净光合速率。相对于CK,T3净光合速率增加469.2%,叶绿素a含量显著提高20.6%,Y(Ⅱ)增加16.3%,qP增加25.1%,Y(NO)降低13.3%;T1、T3气孔导度降低35.1%、31.9%,蒸腾速率降低52.8%、37.7%,Y(NPQ)降低9.1%、6.6%;T1、T2、T3的qN分别降低8.3%、14.6%、1.1%。【结论】25 d叶龄的甜瓜叶片光合能力达到最大值,T2处理即CO2浓度为1200μmol·mol^-1是最适浓度,CO2加富处理可以提高甜瓜的水分利用速率,增加光化学淬灭,降低非光化学淬灭。在叶片衰老时光合效率的提升依赖于叶绿素含量的提高以及光化学淬灭系数qP的提升。【Objective】Changes on photosynthesis of leaves of muskmelon vines grown by hanging in a greenhouse enriched with CO2 were studied to understand the effect on the plants in a life cycle and application for optimum trellis cultivation.【Method】Four CO2 enrichment treatments were implemented in the experimentation.They included CK at 400±12 mol·mol^-1,T1 at 800±24 mol·mol^-1,T2 at 1200±36 mol·mol^-1,and T3 at 1600±48 mol·mol^-1.Changes on the chlorophyll content,photosynthetic indicators,and chlorophyll fluorescence indices of the leaves on the hanging melon vines during the entire growth period were determined in 5,15,25,35,and 45 d after the treatments.【Result】Compared with CK,T2 and T3 increased the net photosynthetic rate by 51.3%and 45.7%and WUE by 58.0%and 114.0%,respectively;while reduced the regulatory energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NPQ)by 7.1%and 11.0%,and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient qN by 5.8%and 6.2%,respectively.For T3,the increase on photochemical quenching coefficient qP was 3.9%.As the leaves aged(i.e.,45-d-old at end of treatment),the net photosynthetic rate under CK was only 19.2%at peak,whereas,that under treatments remained at a higher level.T3 had its net photosynthetic rate increased by 469.2%,chlorophyll A content significantly increased by 20.6%,Y(Ⅱ)increased by 16.3%,qP increased by 25.1%,and Y(NO)decreased by 13.3%over CK.T1 and T3 showed their stomatal conductance reduced by 35.1%and 31.9%,transpiration rate by 52.8%and 37.7%,and Y(NPQ)by 9.1%and 6.6%,respectively.And,on qN,T1,T2,and T3 decreased by 8.3%,14.6%,and 1.1%,respectively.【Conclusion】The photosynthetic capacity of 25-d-old muskmelon leaves reached the maximum with the optimal CO2 enrichment at 1200 mol·mol^-1 under T2.The enrichment in the atmosphere also increased WUE and the photochemical quenching with a reduction on the non-photochemical quenching of the plants.The combined effect would improve the efficiency of leaf photosynthesis during plant senescence when the biochemical proce

关 键 词：芝麻蜜甜瓜 叶片 CO2加富 生命周期 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S652.2[农业科学—果树学]