湖南夹山国家森林公园鸟类区系和群落季节性特征  

Avifauna and seasonal characteristics of Hunan Jiashan National Forest Park

作　　者：贺春容 康艺馨 文哲 夏澧 康祖杰 HE Chunrong;KANG Yixin;WEN Zhe;XIA Li;KANG Zujie(Management Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,Shimen 415319,Hunan,China;College of Applied Technology,Hunan Institute of Engineering,Xiangtan 411101,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局,湖南石门415319 [2]湖南工程学院应用技术学院,湖南湘潭411101

出　　处：《湖南林业科技》2020年第6期24-36,共13页Hunan Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：中央林业改革发展资金项目(2019126);生物多样性观测(鸟类)项目(2019108)。

摘　　要：于2014年8月—2016年7月和2018年3月—2019年2月两个时间段内,采用样带法逐月对湖南夹山国家森林公园鸟类区系进行调查研究。结果表明:公园内共记录到鸟类14目46科161种17400只,其中属国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类有17种。鸟类居留型中,留鸟98种,占鸟类总数60.87%,夏候鸟29种,占18.01%,冬候鸟25种,占15.53%,旅鸟9种,占5.59%。东洋界99种,古北界50种,广布种12种,东洋界与古北界比例为1.98∶1,东洋界种占据优势;科的分布型以南方代表性科为主,种的分布型以东洋型的华南区和华中区共有类群为主体,鸟类区系具有东西过渡和南北渗透的特征。鸟类群落区系组成具有明显的季节性差异,春季鸟类种类和数量最高,冬季鸟类的种数最低,夏季鸟类的数量最低;春季鸟类多样性、均匀性和优势度指数最高,分别为3.9276、0.4622、0.9708,冬季最低,分别为3.5036、0.4221、0.9516。森林生境鸟类多样性指数最高,农田均匀度指数最高,森林优势度指数最高,村落多样性、均匀性和优势度指数均最低。The bird fauna of Hunan Jiashan National Forest Park wasinvestigated by belt transect method month by month from August 2014 to July 2016 and from March 2018 to February 2019,respectively.About 17400 birdsbelonging to 161 species,46 familiesand 14 ordershad been recorded,among which 17 specieswere listed asthe second-grade national protected wildlife.Among the bird residence types,98 speciesof resident birdsaccounted for 60.87%of the total number of birds,29 speciesof summer migratory birdsaccounted for 18.01%,25 speciesof winter migratory birdsaccounted for 15.53%,and 9 speciesof passing birdsaccounted for 5.59%.There were 99 Oriental speciesand 50 Palaearctic speciesand 12 Widely species.The ratio of Oriental speciesto Palaearctic specieswas1.98∶1,indicating that the Oriental speciesisdominant.The distribution type of the family ismainly the southern representative family,and the bird distribution isdominated by the common taxa in south China and Central China.The bird fauna hasthe characteristicsof east-west transition and north-south infiltration.The speciescomposition of bird showed an obviously seasonal difference.The speciesand number of birdswere highest in spring,the speciesof birdswere lowest in winter,and the number of birdswere lowest in summer.shannon-Wiener index(3.9276),Pielou index(0.4622),and simpson index(0.9708)were the highest in spring,and the lowest in winter(3.5036,0.4221 and 0.9516),respectively.The forest contained the highest shannon-Wiener and simpson index,the farmland contained the highest Pielou index,and the village contained the lowest shannon-Wiener,Pielou and simpson index.Thisresearch will provide the basisfor the scientific protection and effective management of forest parks.

关 键 词：鸟类区系 季节性 夹山国家森林公园 湖南 

分 类 号：Q958.2[生物学—动物学]