美国资本主义制度下家庭农场的困境分析  

Analysis on the Dilemma of Family Farm in American Capitalist System

作　　者：赵豪杰 刘凤义[1,2] Zhao Haojie;Liu Fengyi(School of Economics,Nankai University;School of Marxism,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院 [2]南开大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《政治经济学评论》2020年第6期146-183,共38页China Review of Political Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“共享发展理念与中国特色社会主义政治经济学创新研究”(课题号:17AJL001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国家庭农场生产和经营陷入困境。本文运用马克思主义小农经济理论,分析了美国家庭农场的所有制属性,具体生产和经营方式,并与资本主义社会化大生产进行比较,认为拥有大量土地面积和很高生产力水平的美国家庭农场,本质上具有小农经济特征,并未脱离小农经济的范畴。实证分析表明,美国家庭农场成为资本剥夺的对象,其结果是美国家庭农场债务不断攀升、农业收入不断减少、农场不断破产、农场数量不断减少、土地集中和农民劳动力再生产陷入困境。美国资本主义土地私有制的实践证明了"私地悲剧",也证明了那种所谓土地私有化最有效率、宣扬"公地悲剧"的观点是错误的。The production and operation of American family farms are in trouble.This paper uses Marxist theory of small-scale peasant economy to analyze the ownership attributes,specific production and management methods of American family farms,and compares them with capitalist socialized large-scale production,concluding that American family farms with large land area and high productivity level are not separated from the category of small-scale peasant economy.The empirical analysis shows that family farms in the United States have become the object of capital deprivation.The results are that the debt of family farms is rising,the income of agriculture is decreasing,the farms are bankrupt,the number of farms is decreasing,the land concentration and the reproduction of farmers’ labor force are in trouble.The practice of private ownership of capitalist land in the United States proves the "tragedy of private land",and also proves that the idea that land privatization is the most efficient and the idea that advocates the" tragedy of the common land" are wrong.

关 键 词：小农经济理论 美国家庭农场 劳动力再生产困境 土地集中 

分 类 号：F371.2[经济管理—产业经济]