西北小麦与豆科绿肥间作体系箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子生物固氮效率及氮素转移特性  

Nitrogen fixation and transfer efficiency of common vetch and hairy vetch in wheat-vetch intercropping system in northwest China

作　　者：刘蕊 常单娜 高嵩涓 周国朋 韩梅 张久东[4] 曹卫东[2] 孙小凤 LIU Rui;CHANG Dan-na†;GAO Song-juan;ZHOU Guo-peng;HAN Mei;ZHANG Jiu-dong;CAO Wei-dong;SUN Xiao-feng(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [3]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [4]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第12期2184-2194,共11页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中国农业科学院科技创新工程;国家作物种质资源库绿肥分库(NCGRC-2020-19);农业农村部绿肥种质资源的收集、鉴定、编目、繁种与入库保存项目(19200393);青海省农业科学院基金项目(2019-NKY-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】箭筈豌豆、毛叶苕子与春小麦间作是西北地区推广的新型种植制度。利用15N自然丰度法,研究小麦间作对该系统中豆科绿肥的生物固氮量及其向小麦的氮素转移量,以期为该系统养分管理提供科学依据。【方法】在青海西宁和甘肃武威两地分别进行盆栽试验,供试绿肥包括箭筈豌豆和毛叶苕子,设置小麦单作、绿肥单作、小麦||绿肥间作等共5个处理,所有处理不施用氮肥,利用15N自然丰度技术,分析箭筈豌豆、毛叶苕子的生物固氮量及其向小麦的氮素转移量,调查了不同种植模式下小麦和绿肥作物的生物量,分析了影响绿肥生物固氮的因素。【结果】与单作相比,间作处理明显降低两地小麦和豆科绿肥的地上部干物质量,但间作系统中地上部干物质量土地当量比均大于1。间作后,小麦和箭筈豌豆、毛叶苕子的氮素积累量显著下降(西宁小麦除外),但绿肥单作、小麦||绿肥间作模式下总氮素积累量均明显高于小麦单作。与单作相比,间作豆科绿肥的生物固氮效率无明显改变,但固氮量显著降低(武威毛叶苕子除外),其中,西宁、武威两地间作箭筈豌豆的生物固氮量(0.24、0.48 g/pot)较单作(0.88、0.78 g/pot)分别显著降低了82.1%和38.5%,西宁间作毛叶苕子的生物固氮量(0.38 g/pot)较单作(0.81 g/pot)显著降低了51.2%。西宁毛叶苕子的生物固氮效率和生物固氮量均显著高于武威;两地箭筈豌豆的生物固氮效率差异不大,间作下的生物固氮量在武威较高。间作条件下,两种豆科绿肥生物固定的氮素均可向小麦转移,西宁、武威两地箭筈豌豆氮素转移量分别为0.13、0.19 g/pot,分别占间作小麦吸氮量的31.6%和24.7%;毛叶苕子的氮素转移量分别为0.09、0.06 g/pot,分别占间作小麦吸氮量的23.8%和11.4%。路径分析结果表明,地上部干物质量是影响生物固氮量和氮素转移量的最主要因素。【结论】【Objectives】Intercropping wheat with common vetch or hairy vetch is a new crop production system in northwest China.To provide theoretical base for the nutrient management of this intercropping system,we studied the effect of N fixation and N transfer efficiency of two legumes(common vetch and hairy vetch)on wheat.【Methods】Identical pot experiments were conducted in two sites:Xining and Wuwei in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces of China,respectively.The treatments in the experiments included wheat monoculture(WC);common vetch monoculture(MC);hairy vetch monoculture(MH);wheat and common vetch intercropping(IWC);and wheat and hairy vetch intercropping(IWH).We did not apply N fertilizer in all the treatments.15N natural abundance method was used to analyze the amount of N from biological fixation and the amount transferred to wheat.【Results】The aboveground dry biomass of wheat and the two legumes in intercropping treatments were significantly lower than their biomass in monoculture treatments.Similarly,the individual N accumulation of the two legumes and wheat in intercropping treatments were significantly lower than their N accumulation in monoculture treatments.The total N accumulation in legume monoculture(MH and MC)and wheat-legume intercropping treatments(IWC and IWH)were higher than that of WC.The amount of N fixed by common vetch in IWC treatment in the two sites(Xining:0.24 g/pot and Wuwei:0.48 g/pot)were lower than that fixed in MC treatment(Xining:0.88 g/pot and Wuwei:0.78 g/pot).The amount of N fixed by hairy vetch in IWH(0.38 g/pot)was lower than that fixed in MH treatment(0.81 g/pot)in Xining,while those of Wuwei were similar.Both the amount of N fixed by hairy vetch and N transferred to wheat in Xining were significantly higher than those in Wuwei,whereas both N fixed by common vetch and N transferred to wheat were higher in Wuwei than Xining.The amount of N transferred from N fixation to wheat under IWC(Xining:0.13 g/pot and Wuwei:0.19 g/pot)accounted for 31.6% and 24.7% of the total N uptake b

关 键 词：绿肥 春小麦 间作 15N 生物固氮效率 氮素转移 

分 类 号：S551[农业科学—作物学] S512.1