长期有机无机肥配施降低黄淮海区域小麦-大豆复种系统净温室效应  

Long-term combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers decrease net greenhouse gas emission in wheat-soybean system in Huang-Huai-Hai region

作　　者：张鑫[1,2] 郑成岩 李升明[3] 谢方景 邓艾兴 张俊[1] 宋振伟[1] 张卫建[1] ZHANG Xin;ZHENG Cheng-yan;LI Sheng-ming;XIE Fang-jing;DENG Ai-xing;ZHANG Jun;SONG Zhen-wei;ZHANG Wei-jian(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Fertility of Arable Soils,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xiao County,Xiao County,Anhui 235200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/耕地保育技术国家工程实验室,北京100081 [3]萧县农业科学研究所,安徽萧县235200

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2020年第12期2204-2215,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-16);国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD0300803)。

摘　　要：【目的】小麦-大豆系统是黄淮海区域重要的禾豆复种系统,综合评价该系统的净碳排放对于我国农田固碳减排具有重要意义。借助30年的长期定位试验,综合评价不同施肥处理下小麦-大豆复种系统的产量和净碳排放,旨在为该系统丰产低碳排放的施肥制度创新提供理论依据。【方法】试验包括单施牛粪(M)、氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)、氮磷钾加牛粪(NPKM)、氮磷加秸秆(NPS)、氮磷钾加饼肥(NPKC)、氮磷钾加牛粪及饼肥(NPKMC)以及不施肥对照(CK),共7个处理。综合分析了各处理田间直接温室气体排放(N2O和CH4)、农田投入导致的间接碳排放与土壤有机碳固定,估算了单施牛粪、单施化肥以及化肥与不同有机物料配施的净碳排放,同时将碳排放与作物产量和土壤有机质相结合,综合评价了不同施肥措施下的净温室效应。【结果】小麦-大豆复种系统中,小麦季施肥对大豆产量有显著后效,与单施NPK相比,NPKM、NPKC和NPKMC处理分别使大豆产量提高了31.0%、16.8%和24.0%,而M和NPS处理不利于大豆、小麦产量的提高。与NPK处理相比,M、NPKM、NPKMC处理的农田直接温室气体排放分别增加了49.4%、17.7%和12.4%,土壤有机碳年固定量分别显著提高了282.2%、137.3%和169.1%。M及NPKM处理的间接碳排放与NPK处理没有明显差异,而其他施肥处理的间接碳排放低于NPK处理。在各施肥处理中,由肥料投入导致的碳排放占总间接碳排放的比例最大,其次是灌溉用电和机械用柴油导致的碳排放。对净碳排放的估算结果表明,M处理的净碳排放为负值(表现为碳汇),而其他处理下小麦-大豆复种系统均表现为碳源,NPK与有机物料配施的处理净碳排放显著低于NPK处理。此外,与NPK处理相比,NPK与有机物料配施使碳排放强度显著降低了36.5%~113.2%,使单位土壤有机质提升的温室气体排放(δGHG/δSOM)降低了69.4%~93.2%。【结论】黄淮海区域�【Objectives】Wheat-soybean system is a popular gramineae-legume multiple cropping system in Huang-Huai-Hai region,China.Comprehensive evaluation of the net carbon emissions of this cropping system is of great significance for carbon sequestration and emission reduction in farmland of China.Thus,in search for sustainable fertilization method that concurrently improves yield and lower carbon emissions,we studied the effects of different fertilizers on crop yield and net carbon emissions in a 30-years wheat-soybean system.【Methods】The seven fertilization treatments in the experiment were sole cattle manure(M);balanced chemical NPK fertilizer(NPK);combined application of NPK with cattle manure(NPKM),rapeseed cake(NPKC),or both(NPKMC);chemical NP plus wheat straw(NPS);and no fertilizer application(control,CK).The net carbon emissions under each fertilization treatment was estimated as the total direct greenhouse gas(N2O and CH4)emissions in the field,indirect carbon emissions caused by agricultural inputs and soil organic carbon sequestration.The net greenhouse effect in each fertilization treatment was evaluated as the total carbon emissions from crop yield and soil organic matter(SOM).【Results】Compared with NPK treatment,the NPKM,NPKC and NPKMC treatments increased soybean yield by 31.0%,16.8% and 24.0%,respectively,while soybean and wheat yields under M and NPS treatments were not significantly different from those of NPK.Compared with NPK treatment,M,NPKM and NPKMC treatments increased direct greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in the field by 49.4%,17.7% and 12.4% respectively and annual soil organic carbon sequestration by 282.2%,137.3% and 169.1%respectively.The indirect carbon emissions in M and NPKM treatments were similar to that of NPK,whereas those of NPS,NPKC and NPKMC were lower than that of NPK treatment.The carbon emissions caused by fertilizer input accounted for the largest proportion of total indirect emissions,followed by electricity for irrigation and mechanical diesel.All treatments,except M,

关 键 词：施肥 温室气体 土壤固碳 碳排放 小麦-大豆复种系统 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S565.1