羊肚菌单孢菌株的性亲和与营养体亲和特性  

Sexual and Vegetative Compatibility of Single Ascospore Isolations in the Genus Morchella

作　　者：刘萍[1,2] 马渊浩[2] 赵永昌 柴红梅[2] 李玉[1] LIU Ping;MA Yuanhao;ZHAO Yongchang;CHAI Hongmei;LI Yu(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural Universty,Changchun 130118,Jilin,China;Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Resource Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心,吉林长春130118 [2]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2021年第1期40-47,共8页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960621);国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：以人工栽培梯棱羊肚菌(Morchella importuna)子囊果YAASMYPL6和六妹羊肚菌(M.sextelata)子囊果YAASMJN5,野生梯棱羊肚菌子囊果Zhao0001和黄色羊肚菌(Mes-19)子囊果YAASM43为材料,采用毛细管单孢分离法分离其子囊孢子获得单孢菌株,并通过基于交配型基因的分子标记方法鉴定单孢菌株的交配型。结果显示:4个样本群体中具有交配型基因MAT1-1-1和MAT1-2-1的单孢菌株比例为1∶1,3个子囊果的单孢菌株群体中检测到同时具有MAT1-1-1和MAT1-2-1的单孢菌株,且这样的菌株经过多次尖端菌丝传代培养后可获得仅有一种交配型基因的同核体菌株,证明单孢菌株群体中存在一定比率的异核体菌株。在YAASMYPL6、Zhao0001和YAASM433个样本群体内选择具有相同和不同交配型基因的单孢菌株进行对峙培养,发现对峙组合中表现营养体亲和的组合数量极少。性亲和但因营养体不亲和而表现出菌丝拮抗的现象,在已知食用担子菌的杂交育种中是否存在尚未被关注。Single ascospore isolations were obtained from ascocarps of YAASMYPL6 and Zhao0001 of Morchella importuna,YAASMJN5 of M.sextelata and Mes-19 YAASM43 by capillary-isolation.These single ascospore isolations were analyzed for their mating type genes.The results showed that the four single-ascospore populations contained either MAT1-1-1 or MAT1-2-1 with a ratio of about 1∶1.A small number of single ascospore isolations of Zhao0001,YAASMJN5 and YAASM43 had both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1,and homokaryons with only one mating type gene were obtained from these isolations by mycelium-tip subculture,suggesting that some ascospores in Morchella were heterokaryotic.Paired-cultivation for single-ascospore isolation populations of YAASMYPL6,Zhao0001 and YAASM43 showed that there was very few vegetative compatibility in MAT1-1×MAT1-1,MAT1-2×MAT1-2 or MAT1-1×MAT1-2.Whether the phenomenon that two strains are sexual compatible but at the same time vegetative incompatible exists in crossbreeding of basidiomycete fungi is still awaiting more attentions.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 性亲和 营养体亲和 异核体子囊孢子 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]