论婚内分割夫妻共同财产制及其完善  

On the System of Marital Joint Property Ascriptions and its Improvement

作　　者：蒋月[1] JIANG Yue(School of Law,Xiamen University,Xiamen 351005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期114-123,共10页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：夫妻任何一方对双方共同财产的分配请求权,是源自婚姻身份关系派生的夫妻财产共有关系。夫妻作为各自独立的民事主体,双方利益既高度重合又有相当程度的分离。夫妻财产关系与人身关系之间的适度分离,除了夫妻约定实行分别财产制外,还可以在哪些情形下被允许,是个困难又微妙的问题。《民法典》第1066条吸收最高人民法院相关司法解释规定,确立婚内分割夫妻共同财产制度,为公平保护夫妻双方的财产权和财产利益提供新的救济措施。但是,该分割请求权的适用范围略偏小,立法也未明确裁判分割的共同财产范围、主要考虑因素及法律后果,将可能导致该制度适用时遭遇困难。基于婚姻的复杂性,参考域外法相关规定,有必要增设夫妻一方患重大疾病的、夫妻连续分居3年以上、夫妻一方被宣告失踪、夫妻一方宣告破产等情形为法定事由,从而适度扩大该请求权的适用范围;应明确提前分割完毕后,当事人双方实行分别财产制,但另有约定除外;该分割不产生对抗第三人的效力,但当事人已明确告知或第三人知情的除外。通过特定财产制度化解财产争议,以利于保全婚姻,体现《民法典》确立的"婚姻家庭受国家保护"之精神。The right of either spouse to request the joint property distribution derives from a joint property relationship in connection with the marital status.Husband and wife are independent civil subjects,and their interests are both highly overlapping and separated to a considerable extent.Under what circumstances the two parties are allowed to do so besides the fact that the appropriate separation between the relationship concerning the husband and wife’s property and their personal relationship is a difficult and delicate issue in addition to the husband and wife’s agreement to implement a separate property system.Article 1066 of the Civil Code of China incorporates the relevant judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court,establishes a system for marital joint property ascriptions between husband and wife,and provides new relief measures for the fair protection of the property rights and property interests of both spouses.However,the scope of application of the right to request for property ascriptions is still limited,and the legislation does not specify the scope of property ascriptions,nor the main relevant factors and the legal consequences,which may cause difficulties in the application of the system.With a consideration of marital complexity and the enlightenment from the relevant regulations of the extraterritorial law,it is necessary to add the following terms that one spouse suffers from a serious illness,the spouse has been separated for more than three years,one spouse is declared missing,or one spouse declares bankruptcy as statutory reasons,thereby appropriately expanding the request.The scope of its application should be clearly defined before the completion of the division,the two parties shall implement the regime of separation of property,unless otherwise agreed;the division will not have the effect of opposing the third party,unless the parties have clearly informed or the third party knows.Resolving property disputes through the special property system helps stabilize marriage,whi

关 键 词：婚姻期间 分割夫妻共同财产 单方请求 法定事由 立法完善 

分 类 号：D913.9[政治法律—民商法学]