高端装备用轴承钢冶金质量性能现状及未来发展方向  

Status and Future Development of Metallurgical Quality and Performance of Bearing Steels for High-End Equipment

作　　者：曹文全[1] 俞峰[1] 王存宇[1] 徐海峰[1] 许达[1] 刘正东[1] Cao Wenquan;Yu Feng;Wang Cunyu;Xu Haifeng;Xu Da;Liu Zhengdong(Institute of Special Steel,Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]钢铁研究总院特殊钢研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《特殊钢》2021年第1期1-10,共10页Special Steel

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB0300101);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51871062)。

摘　　要：针对滚动轴承特点、轴承钢类型以及国内外轴承钢差距,本文对国内外高端装备用轴承需求、国内外轴承钢品种、轴承钢生产装备与冶金质量、轴承钢热处理技术以及轴承钢质量性能评价技术等发展现状进行了综述,指出了国内外高端装备用轴承钢在冶炼流程的超纯净控制、新型热处理技术和新型轴承钢研发对提升轴承长寿命的巨大作用,提出了未来基于夹杂物、碳化物和基体组织细质化、均匀化和稳定化的传统轴承钢质量性能提升、高性能热处理研发、新型轴承钢材料创新以及加强抗疲劳基础理论研究的发展方向和大幅度提升轴承钢接触疲劳寿命的发展目标。Focusing on the characteristics of rolling bearings,the types of bearing steels,and the gap between bearing steels at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the art of the status of the requirement of the bearing steel of the high-end equipment,the types of the bearing steels,the processing equipment and metallurgical quality of the bearing steels,the heat treatment technologies,and the evaluation technologies for both metallurgical quality and performance.It is put forward that the important role to improve the rolling contact life of the bearing steel by ultra-purification technologies among different melting routes,the new heat treatment technologies and the new bearing steel developments.This paper pointed out that it needs to be done in the future through the refinement,the homogenization and the stabilization of the inclusions,carbides and the matrix of the bearing steel to improve the quality and performance of existing bearing steels,to develop the high performance heat treatment technologies,to innovate the high performance bearing steel and to strengthen the basic research on the mechanism of the fatigue-resistance of the bearing steels,which would finally enhances the rolling contact fatigue life of the bearing steel significantly.

关 键 词：高端轴承钢 冶金质量与性能 长寿命热处理 碳化物调控 接触疲劳性能 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]