压水堆释放源项快速估算程序开发  

Development of fast estimation code for PWR source term

作　　者：冯宗洋 张建岗[1] 杨亚鹏[1] 贾林胜 王任泽[1] 王宁 FENG Zongyang;ZHANG Jiangang;YANG Yapeng;JIA Linsheng;WANG Renze;WANG Ning(Department of Nuclear Emergency and Nuclear safety,China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006)

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院,太原030006

出　　处：《辐射防护》2020年第6期504-509,共6页Radiation Protection

摘　　要：事故时向环境释放的源项是确定核电厂(NPP)应急响应水平和防护行动决策的重要依据。基于电厂工况估算源项是核电厂严重事故应急响应期间重要的应急评价内容之一。在国际原子能机构(IAEA)和美国核管会(NRC)的有关技术文档基础上,本文介绍了基于压水反应堆(PWR)工况进行事故释放源项估算的步骤和基础数据,并归纳了7种实用的事故释放源项估算方法。基于这些方法,开发了PWR事故时环境释放源项快速估算程序。该程序为不同估算方法提供4种释放途径:安全壳泄漏、安全壳旁通、蒸汽发生器传热管破裂(SGTR)和直接环境释放,除直接环境释放途径外,其他释放途径都估算了核素释放过程中的衰变、滞留、喷淋和过滤等减弱过程。对比发现,软件计算结果与美国核管会的RASCAL软件释放源项计算结果接近。Source term released into environment is the basis for accident power plant to determine appropriate emergency response level and protective action decision.Source term estimation based on power plant operating conditions is the most important emergency evaluation content during the emergency response period of nuclear power plant(NPP).Based on the relevant technical documents of IAEA and NRC,the procedures and basic data of accident release source term estimation based on pressurized water reactor(PWR)conditions were introduced,and seven practical accident release source term estimation methods were summarized.Based on these methods,a rapid release source term estimation program for PWR accident is developed.The program provides four release pathways for different estimation methods:containment leakage,containment bypass,steam generator tube rupture(SGTR)and direct environmental release.Reduction effect by decay,retention,spray and filtration etc.during release are considered in different release pathways except direct environmental release.The calculation results are close to that of RASCAL software released by Nuclear Regulatory Committee of United States.

关 键 词：源项 核应急 PWR RASCAL 

分 类 号：TL77[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]