江苏滨海盐土脱盐技术及应用前景  

Coastal Saline Soil in Jiangsu:Desalting Technologies and Application Prospect

作　　者：孙立才 崔士友 张蛟 翟彩娇 Sun Licai;Cui Shiyou;Zhang Jiao;Zhai Caijiao(Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Nantong Public Technology Service Platform of Salt-tolerant Plants,Nantong 226541,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Geochemical Exploration and Marine Geological Survey,Nanjing 210007,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农科所/南通市耐盐植物公共技术服务平台,江苏南通226541 [2]地球化学勘查与海洋地质调查研究院,南京210007

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第1期27-31,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划“盐碱地水稻高产高效配套栽培技术探究”(2015BAD01B03);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)“盐碱地水稻机插高产高效栽培技术集成创新与示范”(BE2015337);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)“高产优质多抗耐盐(碱)水稻新品质选育”(BE2016370)。

摘　　要：沿海滩涂是江苏省主要的土地后备资源,滨海盐土的开发、利用和保护已得到各级政府的高度重视。基于盐平衡指数的概念,归纳出滨海盐土的三大脱盐技术,即雨水/微咸水淋洗脱盐技术、阻止毛管水上升减少根区聚盐技术和生物脱盐技术。在具体的滩涂脱盐改土实践中江苏省通过这3种技术的集成,已形成各具特色的滨海滩涂脱盐改土技术体系,包括养鱼改土技术、稻作改土技术、秸秆覆盖旱作改土技术和秸秆覆盖造林改土技术。预计这些技术将对江苏沿海滩涂资源的开发利用提供有效的技术支撑。Coastal beach is the main land reserve resource in Jiangsu Province,and the exploitation,utilization and protection of coastal saline soil have been highlighted by governments at all levels.In this paper,three major desalination technologies for coastal saline soil based on the concept of salt balance index were summarized,including leaching by rainwater and brackish water,reducing salt accumulation in root zone by preventing capillary rise of groundwater,and biological desalting technology.In the practice of beach desalting and soil improvement,Jiangsu Province has formed its own technical system of desalination of coastal beach with the integration of the three technologies,including amelioration of saline soil by fish farming in mudflat pond,paddy cultivation by irrigation of brackish water,dry farming with straw mulching,and afforestation under straw mulching.It is expected that these technologies will provide effective technical support for the development and utilization of coastal tidal flat resources in Jiangsu Province.

关 键 词：滨海盐土 盐平衡指数 脱盐 秸秆覆盖 江苏 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]