政策视域下大萧条时期的日本农业危机  

The Japanese Agricultural Crisis during the Great Depression from the Perspective of Policy

作　　者：孟明铭 MENG Ming-ming(Institute of Japanese Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2020年第6期36-45,共10页Japanese Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目“日本政治体制转型与政局变动研究”(GJ08_2017_SCX_3563)。

摘　　要：与欧美国家不同,日本在1929年资本主义世界大萧条中受创最为严重、受害表现最为突出的领域是农业。这场农业危机并不完全由外来冲击所导致。日本政府在危机爆发前的部分经济政策,对于农业发展造成了严重负面影响,使其成为经济体系中的短板。危机爆发后,政府在处理农业问题时又受到日益崛起的军部法西斯势力影响,其施策非但没有拯救农业,反而进一步加速了旨在扩军备战的农业统制经济体制的形成。梳理文章,可以管窥日本政府对农村经济在资本主义发展中位置、作用的认识及基本治理理念,其中某些经验教训,对于后发国家的现代化事业有所裨益。Compared with European and American countries,Japan suffered the most severe damage during the Great Depression of the capitalist world in 1929,and the agriculture suffered the most.This agricultural crisis was not entirely caused by external shocks.Part of the Japanese government's economic policies before the outbreak of the crisis had a serious negative impact on agricultural development,making it a shortcoming in the economic system.After the crisis broke out,the government was affected by the growing fascist forces when dealing with agricultural issues.Instead of saving agriculture,the government's policies further accelerated the formation of an agricultural-controlled economic system aimed at war preparations.Through the analysis of this article,we can get a glimpse of the Japanese government's understanding of the position and role of the rural economy in the development of capitalism,and basic governance concepts.Some of these lessons are also beneficial to the modernization of developing countries.

关 键 词：日本农业 日本历史 农业政策 法西斯体制 统制经济 

分 类 号：F33/37[经济管理—产业经济]