宋代对田宅产权的维护与贱民制度的消亡  

The Maintenance of Property Rights of Land and Houses and the Demise of the System of the Untouchables in Song Dynasty

作　　者：吴业国[1,2,3] 葛金芳 Wu Yeguo;Ge Jinfang(不详)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院 [2]暨南大学,广州510641 [3]杜克大学 [4]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中州学刊》2021年第1期136-141,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“宋代县级行政与地方社会研究”(16FZS012)。

摘　　要：两宋时期,田宅产权交易频繁,官府在保护田宅产权买卖的交易过程中建立了完备的法律制度,维护所有权的法律也更加规范化、制度化。但是因为上位法的存在,徽宗、理宗时期“子民”的田宅产权也时常受到侵夺。田宅产权交易立法,尤其是“天圣五年诏书”,从法制的角度维护了佃农在契约租佃领域的地位,赋予了以佃农为主体的客户的迁移自由,促进了客户的地域流动,从而催生出社会对佃农、人力、女使等贱民阶层权利保护的观念,他们被纳入编户齐民,成为五等户籍制的有机组成,拥有基本的人身权利,宋代对田宅产权的维护最终带来南宋初年贱民制度的废止。During the Song Dynasty,the property rights of land and houses were frequently traded.The government established a complete legal system in the transaction process of protecting land and house property rights,and the laws for safeguarding ownership were more standardized and institutionalized.However,due to the existence of the higher law,the property rights of the"subjects"during Hui Zong and Li Zong periods were often infringed on.Legislation on property rights transactions in land and houses,especially the"Tiansheng Five-year Edict",maintained the status of tenant farmers in the field of contract leasing from the perspective of the legal system.It gave tenant farmers the freedom of migration and promoted the geographical movement of tenants.This gave birth to the society′s concept of protecting the rights of tenant farmers,laborers,and maidens.They were included in the household registration system and became an organic component of the five-class household system.Ultimately,they had basic personal rights.The protection of property rights of land and houses eventually led to the abolition of the slave system in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

关 键 词：“天圣五年诏书” 田宅产权交易 贱民制度 客户地位 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—中国史]