大型溞⁃沉水植物组合系统去除北京沙河水库水与底泥污染物效果研究  

Study on the efficiencies of removing pollutants from water and sediment of Shahe Reservoir in Beijing by Daphnia magna⁃submerged macrophytes system

作　　者：杨东翰 李本行 张立秋 封莉[1,2] 曲丹 邱斌[1,2] 李鹏飞 郭鹏[4] 刘永泽 YANG Donghan;LI Benhang;ZHANG Liqiu;FENG Li;QU Dan;QIU Bin;LI Pengfei;GUO Peng;LIU Yongze(Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Changping District Management Section of Beijing North Canal Management Committee,Beijing 102209;Shahe Sluice Management Office of Changping District of Beijing Municipality,Beijing 102206)

机构地区：[1]北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100083 [3]北京市北运河管理委员会昌平区管理段,北京102209 [4]北京市昌平区沙河闸管理处,北京102206

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第1期255-262,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2017ZX07102⁃002);北京林业大学青年教师科学研究中长期项目(No.2015ZCQ⁃HJ⁃01)。

摘　　要：针对北京市沙河水库目前水体自净能力弱、水质较差等问题,研究以大型溞⁃沉水植物组合系统为核心的库区水体与底泥净化方法.通过前期投放大型溞提高水体透明度为沉水植物生长提供先决条件,然后利用3种沉水植物(即金鱼藻、狐尾藻和黑藻=1∶1∶1)去除湖库污染水体中污染物,本文重点考察在不同种植密度下组合系统对沙河水库水体、底泥污染物的去除效果.研究结果表明:在种植密度分别为30%和50%时,3种植物均长势良好,而在种植密度为80%时,金鱼藻和狐尾藻生长受到胁迫,但黑藻仍能继续增长,表现出较好的耐受性;当沉水植物种植密度为50%时,各污染物去除效果较好,系统稳定后COD、TN、NH^+4⁃N、NO^-3⁃N和TP的去除率分别可达45.4%、42.8%、66.0%、46.4%和85.9%.底泥有机质、总氮和总磷的去除率分别达到15.8%、33.3%和19.6%.To solve the problems of weak self⁃purification capacity and poor water quality of Shahe Reservoir in Beijing,Daphnia magna⁃submerged macrophytes combination system has been developed for purification of water body and sediment in the reservoir area.In the developed system,the added Daphnia Magna enhanced the transparency of water body,providing the precondition for the growth of submerged macrophytes.Then three submerged macrophytes(Ceratophyllum Demersum,Myriophyllum verticillatum and Hydrilla Verticillata=1∶1∶1)were planted at different planting densities with proportion of 1∶1∶1.This paper studied the effect of planting density of submerged plants on the removal efficiencies of water and sediment pollutants in Shahe reservoir by the combined system.The results showed that when the planting density was 30%and 50%,the three plants grew well,while when the planting density was 80%,the growth of Ceratophyllum Demersum,and Myriophyllum verticillatum were stressed,but the Hydrilla verticillata could continue to grow,showing good tolerance.When the coverage of submerged macrophytes was 50%,the combined system had the best removal efficiency of COD,TN,NH^+4⁃N,NO^-3⁃N and TP,which were 45.4%,42.8%,66.0%,46.4%and 85.9%,respectively.The removal efficiencies of organic content,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the sediment were 15.8%,33.3%and 19.6%,respectively.

关 键 词：沉水植物 种植密度 水质改善 底泥改善 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]