123例涉嫌道路交通犯罪的司法精神病学鉴定案例分析  

Analysis of 123 Cases of Forensic Psychiatry Testimony of Individuals Suspected of Road Traffic Offences

作　　者：王书剑 郑雨滋 何勇[1] 余美玲 李钢琴[1] 胡泽卿[1] WANG Shu-jian;ZHENG Yu-zi;HE Yong;YU Mei-ling;LI Gang-qin;HU Ze-qing(West China School of Basic Medical Sciences&Forensic Medicine,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西基础医学与法医学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《法医学杂志》2020年第6期784-790,796,共8页Journal of Forensic Medicine

摘　　要：目的探究精神障碍者涉嫌道路交通犯罪的特点及其与正常人群的差异,为规范精神障碍者的驾驶活动及预防其违法犯罪提供帮助。方法选取四川华西法医学鉴定中心2014—2019年涉嫌道路交通犯罪的司法精神病学鉴定案例共123例,采用Fisher确切概率法比较精神障碍组与无精神病组在人口学特征、犯罪学特征、精神病学特征及刑事责任能力等方面的差异。结果两组在人口学特征、交通工具及饮酒类别上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。精神障碍组道路交通相关犯罪类型以危险驾驶罪为主,多评定为部分刑事责任能力;无精神病组则以交通肇事罪为主,均评定为完全刑事责任能力。两组在犯罪类型及刑事责任能力评定上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,精神障碍组患者具有病程长、治疗欠规律等特点,且精神活性物质所致精神障碍占较大比例。结论精神障碍者在道路交通相关犯罪的特征上与正常人群之间存在差异。正确评估精神障碍者是否满足从事驾驶活动的要求,对于减少道路交通相关犯罪具有重要的现实意义。Objective To explore the characteristics of individuals with mental disorders suspected of road traffic offences and to find their differences from normal offenders,in order to regulate mental disorder patients’driving activities and prevent road traffic offences.Methods One hundred and twenty-three cases of forensic psychiatry testimony of individuals suspected of road traffic offences between 2014 and 2019 from the West China Forensic Center of Sichuan Province were collected.Fisher exact probability test was used to compare the differences between offenders with mental disorders and without mental disorders in terms of demographic characteristics,criminological characteristics,psychiatric characteristics and criminal responsibilities.Results There was no statistical significance in the differences of demographic characteristics,vehicles and kinds of alcohol between the two groups(P>0.05).The main type of road traffic related crimes committed by offenders with mental disorders was risky driving and were mainly evaluated as partial criminal responsibility,whereas most offenders without mental disorders committed crime of causing traffic casualties and all were evaluated as full criminal responsibility.There was statistical significance in the differences of the types of crime and the criminal responsibility rating between the two groups(P<0.05).Meanwhile,patients with mental disorders were characterized by long course of disease and irregular treatment,and individuals diagnosed as having mental disorders caused by psychoactive substances accounted for a large proportion.Conclusion There are differences in the characteristics of road traffic-related crimes between mental disorder patients and normal people.It is of great practical significance for reducing road traffic offences to evaluate whether the individuals with mental disorders are fit for driving.

关 键 词：司法精神病学 事故 交通 驾驶能力 精神障碍 刑事责任能力 案例分析 

分 类 号：DF795.3[医药卫生—法医学]