废旧锂离子电池正极材料资源化回收与再生  

Recycling and Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

作　　者：王官格 张华宁 吴彤[1] 刘博睿 黄擎 苏岳锋[1,3] Guange Wang;Huaning Zhang;Tong Wu;Borui Liu;Qing Huang;Yuefeng Su(School of Materials Science&Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chaoyang No.2 High School,Chaoyang 122000,China;Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center,Chongqing 401120,China;Office of National Assets&Laboratory Management,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [2]辽宁省朝阳市第二高级中学,朝阳122000 [3]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401120 [4]北京理工大学资产与实验室管理处,北京100081

出　　处：《化学进展》2020年第12期2064-2072,共9页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研究发展项目(No.2016YFB0100301);国家自然科学基金项目(No.21875022,51802020,U1664255)资助。

摘　　要：随着电子设备的普及和电动汽车行业的迅速崛起,作为提供能量来源的锂离子电池发挥着重要的作用。以钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂以及三元正极材料为代表的锂离子电池产销量不断增加;与此同时,为了提供更长的续航时间以及续航稳定性,新型锂离子电池材料的研究工作也在不断推进。在此背景下,锂离子电池正极材料的失效、废弃以及资源化回收再生的过程就显得愈发重要,如何在下游解决报废锂离子电池处理的问题也逐渐提上日程。基于此,本文分别从湿法和火法再生两个角度对废旧锂离子电池正极材料的回收和再生过程进行了介绍,包括回收条件优化的方法、较为新颖的回收再生方法以及再生材料的性能等,并总结了回收再生过程的杂质元素,包括铝、铜等元素对再生材料结构和性能的影响以及工业上常用的回收废旧锂离子电池的方法和环境影响。最后对锂离子电池回收的方法进行总结并进行展望。With the popularity of electronic equipment and the rapid rise of electric vehicle industry,lithium-ion battery,as a source of energy,plays an important role.The production and sales of lithium-ion batteries represented by lithium cobalt oxide,lithium iron phosphate and ternary cathode materials are increasing.At the same time,in order to provide longer life and stability,the research of novel lithium-ion battery cathode materials is also advancing.In this context,the failure mechanism,and recycling of lithium-ion battery cathode materials becomes more and more important.How to solve the problem of waste lithium-ion battery treatment in the downstream is gradually put on the agenda.Based on this,this paper introduces the recycling and regeneration process of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials from the perspectives of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy,including the optimization of recycling conditions,novel recycling methods and the performance of recycled materials,and summarizes the influence of impurity elements in the recycling process,including aluminum,copper and other elements on the structure and performance of recycled materials Finally,themethods of lithium-ion battery recycling are summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 正极材料 湿法回收 火法回收 杂质元素 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] TM910[理学—化学]