孙思邈生平问题之药王孙思邈考  

SUN Si-miao's Lifetime———a Textual Research on The King of Medicine SUN Si-miao

作　　者：宋珍民[1] SONG Zhen-min(Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Shaanxi Xianyang 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《陕西中医药大学学报》2021年第1期27-42,共16页Journal of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家出版基金项目([2016]27号)。

摘　　要：药王,“药王菩萨”的省称,出自佛经《观药王药上菩萨经》,或见于其它多部佛教典籍,是印度舶来的文化。中国也出现本土药王:药王韦善俊,唐代道士,其浴犬化龙、得道成仙之事,是五代道士杜光庭移植唐代笔记小说《惊听录》中“韦老师”的故事,而其被真正冠以“药王”,首次出现在南宋韩元吉《桐阴旧话》。药王韦古,首次出现在元初赵道一《历世真仙体道通鉴》。药王韦慈藏,首次出现在元末陶宗仪《南村辍耕录·历代医师》,借用韦善俊的“药王”称号,后之图像中更借用韦善俊那条号称“乌龙”的黑犬。扁鹊,北宋封侯、封公、封“神应王”,明万历年间始封“药王”。孙思邈被冠以药王称号,最早见于明代后期弘阳教(民间宗教)的经卷《救苦忠孝药王宝卷》,清初产生秦腔剧目《药王卷》,全国各剧种都有移植,“药王孙思邈”广为传布,遂渐形成非宗教的民间信仰。清光绪二十五年,“五台山即药王山”记录在国家版图———《大清会典图》之《陕西全省舆地图》,说明两点:“药王山”成为国家正式地名;“药王孙思邈”成为清朝政府的官方意志。King of Medicine,the abbreviated form of“the buddha of king of medicine”,is regarded as an imported product which is derived from An Observation of the Buddist scriptures on Yaowang and Yaoshang,and they can be found in other numerous buddhist scriptures.It's a culture imported from India.Kings of medicine has also been found in China,for example WEI Shan-jun,he was a taoist in the Tang Dynasty.The story about him which he transformed the bathing dog into a dragon and hence he became immortal was transplanted by a taoist named DU Guang-ting in the Five Dynas-ties from the Book of Shocking Stories,a skech-book made in the Tang Dynasty.However,the story that he was dubbed as the real King of Medicine was firstly recorded in An Anecdote of Tongyin.WEI Gu,another king of medicine,was firstly found in History of the Immortals made by ZHAO Dao-yi in the early Yuan Dynasty.Then WEI Ci-zang,was firstly known in An Anecdote of Chuogeng-TCM Phisicians in Histories made by TAO Zong-yi in the late Yuan Dynasty.He borrowed the title‘King of Medicine'from WEI Ci-zang and used his black dog nicknamed as‘black dragon’as an illustration.BIAN Que,conferred as the King of Shenying,and was firstly conferred as King of Medicine in the Wanli of Ming Dynasty.SUN si-miao was firstly crowned as the King of Medicine in the Scroll of King of Medicine made in the late Qing Dynasty by the folk religion of Hongyang.The Qinqiang opera-Scroll of Medicine of King derived from the Qing Dynasty was transplanted into various traditional operas across the county.Finally SUN Si-miao,King of Medicine began to be widely spread among people,hence became the belief of them.In the period of the 25th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty,the document of‘Wutai Mountain is the same to Yaowang Mountain’was found in national territory-The Map of Shaanxi Province among The Map of the Qing Dynasty.Two points were illustrated then:first,Yaowang Mountain is an official name of place;second,Sun Si-miao as a King of Medicine has been the official title o

关 键 词：药王 扁鹊 韦善俊 韦慈藏 孙思邈 

分 类 号：R2[医药卫生—中医学]