玉米灌浆中后期倒伏风灾指标及对产量的影响  

The lodging index of wind disaster in the middle and late grouting stages of maize and the effects on grain yield

作　　者：李民华[1,2] 易永 黄晚华 黄安凤 刘思华[2,3] LI Minghua;YI Yong;HUANG Wanhua;HUANG Anfeng;LIU Sihua(Huaihua Agrometeorological Experimental Station,Huaihua,Hunan 418000,China;Key Laboratory of Hunan Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha,Hunan 410118,China;Hunan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410118,China)

机构地区：[1]怀化市农业气象试验站,湖南怀化418000 [2]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [3]湖南省气象科学研究所,湖南长沙410118

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第1期9-16,共8页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：科技部“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0300101-05)。

摘　　要：为探讨风灾倒伏对春玉米产量的影响,基于2017-2019年在湖南中方县不同海拔高度上的春玉米分期播种试验,围绕14次5级风力,特别是7次最大风速≥12.0 m/s的强对流天气过程开展玉米风灾倒伏调查,结合2018年开展的玉米风灾倒伏模拟试验,分析玉米灌浆中后期风灾倒伏的临界风灾指标及其对春玉米产量的影响。结果表明:风速是造成玉米倒伏的关键外部因子,中单808、先玉1171倒伏风灾指标大约在13.0~14.0 m/s之间,品种间略有差异;穗位低、抗弯折力较强是先玉1171抗倒伏能力较强的主要原因;同一品种在一定范围内随植株高度、穗位的增高,风灾指标稍有下降;玉米灌浆中后期倒伏对产量的影响,以百粒质量下降为主;倒伏距成熟期时间越长、离吐丝越近,百粒质量和产量损失越大。先玉1171、中单808在成熟前14 d之内发生茎弯折倒伏,产量损失不显著;在距成熟约25、33 d发生茎弯折倒伏,产量损失可分别达10%、20%以上。To investigate the effect of wind disaster lodging on spring maize yield and the index of wind disaster,the data was collected from the stage seeding experiment of maize in different altitudes in Zhongfang County from 2017 to 2019.The experiments suffered 14 gale process above level 5 especially 7 severe convection weather process that the maximum wind speed was above 12.0 m/s.The results were together analyzed with the wind disaster lodging simulation experiment conducted in 2018.We can conclude that wind speed was the key external factor for maize lodging,the index of wind disaster lodging of Zhongdan 808 and Xianyu 1171 were about 13.0-14.0 m/s,varieties vary slightly;lower ear height,better elasticity of the stem,and more strong bending resistance were the main reason for the strong lodging resistance of Xianyu 1171;with the increase of plant height and ear height,the index of wind disaster decreased slightly.The effect of lodging on yield in the middle and late grouting was mainly manifested in the decrease of 100-grain weight,the time from lodging to mature was longer,the loss of yield and 100-grain weight was greater.Xianyu 1171 and zhongdan 808 had no significant yield loss due to stem bending and lodging within 14 days before maturity,but lodging occured 25 days and 33 days before maturity,yield loss was more than 10%and 20%respectively.

关 键 词：春玉米 倒伏 风灾指标 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S424